Combination of Positional and Optional Arguments
Consider a function designed to calculate the total cost of smartphones, allowing you to specify various attributes during both initialization and function invocation.
123456789101112131415161718192021222324def calculate_smartphone_cost(model, price, quantity=1, discount=0): total_cost = price * quantity discount_amount = total_cost * (discount / 100) discounted_cost = total_cost - discount_amount print(f"Model: {model}") print(f"Unit price: ${price}") print(f"Quantity: {quantity}") print(f"Total cost before discount: ${total_cost}") if discount > 0: print(f"Discount: {discount}%") print(f"Discount amount: ${discount_amount}") print(f"Discounted cost: ${discounted_cost}") else: print("No discount applied.") print(f"Final cost: ${discounted_cost}") print() # Examples of using the function calculate_smartphone_cost("iPhone 13", 1099, 2) calculate_smartphone_cost("Samsung Galaxy S21", 999, 1, 10) calculate_smartphone_cost("Google Pixel 6", 799, quantity=3, discount=5)
Rules for Specifying Arguments
Positional Arguments
Positional arguments must follow the order in the function definition. In calculate_smartphone_cost, model and price are required positional arguments.
Optional (Named) Arguments
Optional arguments may be passed positionally or by name. quantity and discount have default values that can be changed using named parameters.
Default Values
If an optional argument is omitted, its default value is used. In the example, quantity defaults to 1 and discount to 0.
Named Parameters
Named parameters improve clarity by explicitly assigning values, especially when several optional arguments exist.
These rules show how combining positional and named arguments keeps functions flexible and readable.
1. What is the combination of positional and optional arguments in functions?
2. How do you define a function with positional arguments followed by optional arguments?
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Consider a function designed to calculate the total cost of smartphones, allowing you to specify various attributes during both initialization and function invocation.
123456789101112131415161718192021222324def calculate_smartphone_cost(model, price, quantity=1, discount=0): total_cost = price * quantity discount_amount = total_cost * (discount / 100) discounted_cost = total_cost - discount_amount print(f"Model: {model}") print(f"Unit price: ${price}") print(f"Quantity: {quantity}") print(f"Total cost before discount: ${total_cost}") if discount > 0: print(f"Discount: {discount}%") print(f"Discount amount: ${discount_amount}") print(f"Discounted cost: ${discounted_cost}") else: print("No discount applied.") print(f"Final cost: ${discounted_cost}") print() # Examples of using the function calculate_smartphone_cost("iPhone 13", 1099, 2) calculate_smartphone_cost("Samsung Galaxy S21", 999, 1, 10) calculate_smartphone_cost("Google Pixel 6", 799, quantity=3, discount=5)
Rules for Specifying Arguments
Positional Arguments
Positional arguments must follow the order in the function definition. In calculate_smartphone_cost, model and price are required positional arguments.
Optional (Named) Arguments
Optional arguments may be passed positionally or by name. quantity and discount have default values that can be changed using named parameters.
Default Values
If an optional argument is omitted, its default value is used. In the example, quantity defaults to 1 and discount to 0.
Named Parameters
Named parameters improve clarity by explicitly assigning values, especially when several optional arguments exist.
These rules show how combining positional and named arguments keeps functions flexible and readable.
1. What is the combination of positional and optional arguments in functions?
2. How do you define a function with positional arguments followed by optional arguments?
Thanks for your feedback!
