Summary  
This chapter covers how R categorizes numeric types (double, integer, complex), explains that numbers default to double-precision floating-point, and shows how to append L to specify an integer and manage memory.  

General domain of usage  
Statistical computing

In the previous section, we observed that the number `10` was identified as a `double` even though it is an **integer**. Let's delve into this peculiarity.

R can categorize numeric values into several types, which are:
- `double` - representing real numbers;
- `integer` - for whole numbers;
- `complex` - for numbers with both a real and an imaginary part.

To have R recognize `10` as an `integer` instead of a `double`, you can append `L` to the number. Here’s how you can do it:

typeof(10) # Example of double type
typeof(10L) # Example of integer type

Differentiating between `10` and `10L` is important because of how memory is utilized — integers take up **less** space.

R is one of the most popular programming languages among data analysts and data scientists. R has a wide community that will always help you with any problem. Also, R has tons of different packages designed to solve various problems. The language can be easily applied to statistics and data analytics problems. In the first part, you will be introduced to the very basics of R and will deal with single 1-D values of different types.

In the initial section, you’ll dive into the foundational elements of R, such as generating output and performing elementary operations. This section will conclude with an exploration of the theory behind variables.

You’ll become familiar with the vector class in R, which also handles individual values. Here, you’ll delve into the primary data types for singular values and learn how to manage multiple values of the same type simultaneously.

Factors, also known as categorical variables, are prevalent in the real world. Examples include blood types, currencies, nationalities, and brands. Unlike numerical variables, factors have a limited set of possible values.

Numbers

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