Union Types and Optional Properties
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In real applications, data is not always fixed. Sometimes a value can have more than one type, or certain fields may not always be present.
TypeScript allows you to handle these cases using union types and optional properties.
Union Types
A union type allows a variable to hold more than one type:
let id: string | number;
id = 10;
id = "abc123";
This is useful when a value can come in different formats.
Optional Properties
Sometimes an object may have properties that are not always required.
You can mark them as optional using ?:
type User = {
name: string;
age?: number;
};
Now the age property can be included or omitted:
let user1: User = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };
let user2: User = { name: "Bob" };
Combining Both
You can use union types and optional properties together:
type Order = {
id: number | string;
status?: string;
};
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Union Types and Optional Properties
In real applications, data is not always fixed. Sometimes a value can have more than one type, or certain fields may not always be present.
TypeScript allows you to handle these cases using union types and optional properties.
Union Types
A union type allows a variable to hold more than one type:
let id: string | number;
id = 10;
id = "abc123";
This is useful when a value can come in different formats.
Optional Properties
Sometimes an object may have properties that are not always required.
You can mark them as optional using ?:
type User = {
name: string;
age?: number;
};
Now the age property can be included or omitted:
let user1: User = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };
let user2: User = { name: "Bob" };
Combining Both
You can use union types and optional properties together:
type Order = {
id: number | string;
status?: string;
};
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