Med din forståelse af matrixoperationer og singular value decomposition (SVD) er du nu klar til at anvende disse begreber i en praktisk sammenhæng: billedkomprimering. SVD er et effektivt værktøj til at reducere datadimensionalitet og anvendes bredt i billedbehandling til at komprimere billeder, samtidig med at så meget af den oprindelige information som muligt bevares. I denne udfordring skal du bruge `scipy.linalg.svd` til at komprimere en gråtonet billedmatrix ved at afkorte dens singularværdier og derefter rekonstruere billedet ud fra de reducerede data. Denne metode illustrerer, hvordan SVD kan balancere billedkvalitet og lagringseffektivitet.


import unittest
import user_code
import ast
import re   
import unittest
import numpy as np
from scipy.linalg import svd
import importlib

class TestTask(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_return_shape(self):
        import user_code
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        image = np.random.rand(8, 6)
        k = 3
        compressed = user_code.compress_image_svd(image, k)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            isinstance(compressed, np.ndarray) and compressed.shape == image.shape,
            "Returned matrix has the same shape as input image.",
            f"Expected shape {image.shape}, got {getattr(compressed, 'shape', None)}."
        )

    def test_top_k_reconstruction(self):
        import user_code
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        np.random.seed(0)
        image = np.random.rand(5, 5)
        k = 2
        U, S, VT = svd(image, full_matrices=False)
        U_k = U[:, :k]
        S_k = np.diag(S[:k])
        VT_k = VT[:k, :]
        expected = U_k @ S_k @ VT_k
        actual = user_code.compress_image_svd(image, k)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            np.allclose(actual, expected),
            "Matrix reconstructed correctly using top k singular values.",
            "Reconstructed matrix does not match expected result using top k singular values."
        )

    def test_full_rank_reconstruction(self):
        import user_code
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        np.random.seed(1)
        image = np.random.rand(7, 7)
        U, S, VT = svd(image, full_matrices=False)
        full_rank = np.linalg.matrix_rank(image)
        compressed = user_code.compress_image_svd(image, full_rank)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            np.allclose(compressed, image),
            "Full-rank SVD reconstruction matches original image.",
            "Full-rank SVD reconstruction does not match original image."
        )

    def test_low_rank_approximation(self):
        import user_code
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        np.random.seed(2)
        image = np.random.rand(10, 10)
        k = 1
        compressed = user_code.compress_image_svd(image, k)
        # Should be a low-rank approximation, not equal to original
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            not np.allclose(compressed, image),
            "Low-rank approximation does not exactly match original image (as expected).",
            "Low-rank approximation should not exactly match original image."
        )
        # Should be closer to original than a zero matrix
        zero_approx = np.zeros_like(image)
        orig_norm = np.linalg.norm(image - compressed)
        zero_norm = np.linalg.norm(image - zero_approx)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            orig_norm < zero_norm,
            "Low-rank approximation is closer to the original than a zero matrix.",
            "Low-rank approximation is not closer to the original than a zero matrix."
        )

    def test_handles_rectangular(self):
        import user_code
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        np.random.seed(3)
        image = np.random.rand(12, 8)
        k = 4
        compressed = user_code.compress_image_svd(image, k)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            isinstance(compressed, np.ndarray) and compressed.shape == image.shape,
            "Handles rectangular matrices and returns correct shape.",
            f"Expected shape {image.shape}, got {getattr(compressed, 'shape', None)}."
        )

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

def normalize_text(text):
    text = text.lower()
    text = re.sub(r"\s{2,}", " ", text)
    text = re.sub(r"\s*([,:?])\s*", r"\1 ", text)
    return text.strip()

def change_var(code: str, var_name: str, value: str) -> str:
    tree = ast.parse(code)
    lines = code.splitlines()
    for i, node in enumerate(tree.body):
        if isinstance(node, ast.Assign):
            for target in node.targets:
                if isinstance(target, ast.Name) and target.id == var_name:
                    start_line = node.lineno - 1
                    line = lines[start_line]
                    indent = ' ' * (len(line) - len(line.lstrip()))
                    lines[start_line] = f"{indent}{var_name} = {value}"
                    next_line = len(lines)
                    for next_node in tree.body[i+1:]:
                        if hasattr(next_node, 'lineno'):
                            next_line = next_node.lineno - 1
                            break
                    if next_line > start_line + 1:
                        lines[start_line+1:next_line] = []
                    
                    return '\\n'.join(lines)
    return code

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_main.py

Et omfattende kursus designet til studerende med stærke matematiske forudsætninger og mellemliggende til avancerede Python-færdigheder, med fokus på at udnytte SciPy til videnskabelig databehandling, optimering, integration og avancerede matematiske operationer.

Udforsk strukturen, kernemodulerne og de væsentlige funktioner i SciPy til videnskabelig databehandling.

Dyk ned i SciPys kraftfulde lineære algebrafunktioner til løsning af virkelige matematiske problemer.

Behersk optimeringsteknikker og rodfindingsalgoritmer ved hjælp af SciPy til videnskabelige og ingeniørmæssige problemer.

Udforsk avancerede matematiske operationer, herunder integration, interpolation og grundlæggende signalbehandling med SciPy.

Udfordring: SVD til billedkomprimering

Løsning