Lære Challenge: If Statement | Introduction to Conditional Statements

The if statement is a foundational building block of control flow in most programming languages. It allows a program to make decisions and execute different blocks of code based on whether a given condition is true or false. The idea behind if statements is simple: If a condition is met, do something, otherwise, don’t.

if.h


              1234
            
if (condition)
{
    // Code to be executed if the condition is true
}

A condition is a boolean expression that evaluates to either true or false. If it is true, the code within the curly braces { } is executed; otherwise, if the condition is false, the code inside the block is skipped, and the program continues with the next statement following the if block.

main.cpp


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#include <iostream>

int main() 
{
    int age = 33; // Declaring and initializing a variable
    
    if (age >= 18) // Checking whether the age is greater or equal to 18
    {
		// If so, output the message
        std::cout << "You are an adult" << std::endl;
    }
}

If you have an if statement with only one statement to be executed when the condition is true, you can omit the curly braces { }.

with_braces.h

without_braces.h


              1234
            
if (condition)
{
    statement;
}

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You are building a shopping system where customers may receive a discount based on the total amount of their purchase.

The function calculateDiscount takes a double parameter totalPurchase representing the total sum of the customer's purchase.

Initialize a variable discount with 0.0.
Check if totalPurchase is greater than or equal to 100.
- If it is, set the discount to 30 percent of the total purchase. Multiply totalPurchase by 0.3
Return the value of discount from the function.

Example

calculateDiscount(50) → 0.0
calculateDiscount(100) → 30.0
calculateDiscount(200) → 60.0

Løsning

solution.cpp

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