Intermediate Python Techniques

Nonlocal Variables in Python: Working with Enclosed Scopes

So, now we understand the difference between global and local variables and have learned about nested functions. The nonlocal variable is used in nested functions. Let's look at an example:

def outer_function():

outer_var = 10

def inner_function():

nonlocal outer_var

outer_var += 5

print("Nonlocal variable in inner function:", outer_var)

inner_function()

print("Nonlocal variable in outer function:", outer_var)

outer_function()


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def outer_function():
    outer_var = 10 

    def inner_function():
        nonlocal outer_var
        outer_var += 5
        print("Nonlocal variable in inner function:", outer_var)

    inner_function()
    print("Nonlocal variable in outer function:", outer_var)

outer_function()

Just as with global variables, we cannot change the variable created in outer_function inside inner_function without using the special keyword nonlocal.

The output is:

python
9
1
2
Nonlocal variable in inner function: 15
Nonlocal variable in outer function: 15

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Intermediate Python Techniques

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1. Mastering Packing and Unpacking in Python

You'll find this topic enjoyable, and you'll learn how to pack and unpack values in a single assignment.

Unpacking in Python: Extracting Values from Lists and Tuples

Packing in Python: Grouping Multiple Values into a Single Variable

Using Packing and Unpacking for Efficient Code in Python

Challenge: Mastering Dictionary Unpacking in Python

Challenge: The Champions League

2. Mastering Function Arguments in Python

Explore the power of Python's function arguments, *args, **kwargs, and learn how to effectively use functions as arguments.

Python Function Arguments: Overview of Parameters and Arguments

Using *args in Python: Handling Variable-Length Positional Arguments

Challenge: Calculating the Average Mark with *args

Using **kwargs in Python: Flexible Keyword Arguments for Dynamic Functions

Challenge: Mastering **kwargs in Python Functions

3. Function as an Argument in Python

Discover the higher-order functions and how functions can be passed as arguments to other functions in programming.

High-Order Functions in Python: Passing Functions as Arguments

Lambda Functions in Python: Writing Concise and Anonymous Functions

Using Python Built-in Functions

4. Understanding Variable Scope in Python

What is variable scope, and how did we manage without it before? This topic is essential for understanding the following subjects: Closures and Decorators. I assure you that this topic will be both enjoyable and practical. You will gain knowledge about local, nonlocal, and global variables.

Global Variables in Python: Accessing and Modifying Global Data

Local Variables in Python: Understanding Function-Level Scope

Challenge: Modifying a Global Variable in Python

Nested Functions in Python: Scope and Accessibility

Nonlocal Variables in Python: Working with Enclosed Scopes

Python Closures: Retaining State in Nested Functions

Challenge: Implementing a Threshold Checker with Closures

5. Mastering Python Decorators

This section provides an in-depth exploration of Python decorators, a powerful feature that allows for the modification and enhancement of function behavior. Participants will learn how to write their own decorators, understand built-in decorators, and apply decorators in practical scenarios.

Introduction to Python Decorators

Python Decorator Syntax: Writing and Applying Decorators

Challenge: Create Your First Python Decorator

Using Decorators with Parameters in Python

Chaining Multiple Decorators: Advanced Function Modifications

Challenge: Basic Smores Recipe

Practical Examples of Python Decorator Usage in Real Applications