I mange virkelige datasæt støder du ofte på et problem med klasseubalance—hvor én klasse (majoriteten) er langt større end den anden (minoriteten). Denne ubalance kan forårsage, at modeller favoriserer forudsigelser af majoritetsklassen, hvilket reducerer den prædiktive nøjagtighed for minoritetsklassen. En almindelig løsning er **undersampling**, hvor antallet af eksempler i majoritetsklassen tilfældigt reduceres, så det matcher antallet i minoritetsklassen. Denne udfordring giver praktisk erfaring med denne teknik. Du får et DataFrame, der indeholder en kategorisk målkolonne med to klasser. Målet er at returnere et nyt DataFrame, hvor begge klasser er repræsenteret i lige stort antal, opnået ved tilfældig undersampling af majoritetsklassen.


import unittest
import user_code
import ast
import re   
import importlib
import csv
import unittest
import pandas as pd
import importlib
import sys

class TestTask(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        if "user_code" in sys.modules:
            del sys.modules["user_code"]
        import user_code
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        self.undersample_majority_class = getattr(user_code, 'undersample_majority_class', None)

    def test_balanced_result(self):
        import user_code
        data = {
            "feature": list(range(12)),
            "target":  ["A"] * 8 + ["B"] * 4
        }
        df = pd.DataFrame(data)
        balanced = self.undersample_majority_class(df, "target") if self.undersample_majority_class else None
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            balanced is not None and set(balanced['target'].value_counts()) == {4},
            "Returned DataFrame contains both classes in equal numbers",
            f"Expected both classes to have 4 samples, got counts: {None if balanced is None else balanced['target'].value_counts().to_dict()}"
        )

    def test_minority_preserved(self):
        import user_code
        data = {
            "feature": list(range(8)),
            "target":  ["A"] * 2 + ["B"] * 6
        }
        df = pd.DataFrame(data)
        balanced = self.undersample_majority_class(df, "target") if self.undersample_majority_class else None
        minority_rows = df[df["target"] == "A"]
        if balanced is not None:
            for idx, row in minority_rows.iterrows():
                match = ((balanced["feature"] == row["feature"]) & (balanced["target"] == row["target"]))
                _dynamic_test(
                    self,
                    match.any(),
                    "All original minority class samples are preserved",
                    f"Minority sample {row.to_dict()} not found in balanced DataFrame"
                )
        else:
            _dynamic_test(self, False, "", "Function returned None")

    def test_majority_count(self):
        import user_code
        data = {
            "feature": list(range(10)),
            "target":  ["X"] * 7 + ["Y"] * 3
        }
        df = pd.DataFrame(data)
        balanced = self.undersample_majority_class(df, "target") if self.undersample_majority_class else None
        if balanced is not None:
            counts = balanced['target'].value_counts()
            _dynamic_test(
                self,
                counts["X"] == counts["Y"] == 3,
                "Majority class is undersampled to match minority class count",
                f"Expected 3 samples for each class, got: {counts.to_dict()}"
            )
        else:
            _dynamic_test(self, False, "", "Function returned None")

    def test_already_balanced(self):
        import user_code
        data = {
            "feature": list(range(6)),
            "target":  ["A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B"]
        }
        df = pd.DataFrame(data)
        balanced = self.undersample_majority_class(df, "target") if self.undersample_majority_class else None
        if balanced is not None:
            counts = balanced['target'].value_counts()
            _dynamic_test(
                self,
                counts["A"] == counts["B"] == 3 and len(balanced) == 6,
                "Function works when DataFrame is already balanced",
                f"Expected 3 samples for each class, got: {counts.to_dict()}"
            )
        else:
            _dynamic_test(self, False, "", "Function returned None")

    def test_different_labels(self):
        import user_code
        data = {
            "feature": list(range(9)),
            "target":  [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
        }
        df = pd.DataFrame(data)
        balanced = self.undersample_majority_class(df, "target") if self.undersample_majority_class else None
        if balanced is not None:
            counts = balanced['target'].value_counts()
            _dynamic_test(
                self,
                set(counts) == {4},
                "Function works for any two-class DataFrame, regardless of class labels",
                f"Expected both classes to have 4 samples, got: {counts.to_dict()}"
            )
        else:
            _dynamic_test(self, False, "", "Function returned None")

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

def normalize_text(text):
    text = text.lower()
    text = re.sub(r"\\s{2,}", " ", text)
    text = re.sub(r"\\s*([,:?])\\s*", r"\\1 ", text)
    return text.strip()

def change_var(code: str, var_name: str, value: str) -> str:
    tree = ast.parse(code)
    lines = code.splitlines()
    changed = False
    # Collect all assignment nodes to modify
    assign_nodes = [
        (i, node)
        for i, node in enumerate(tree.body)
        if isinstance(node, ast.Assign)
        and any(isinstance(target, ast.Name) and target.id == var_name for target in node.targets)
    ]

    # If nothing to change, return unmodified code
    if not assign_nodes:
        return code

    # Perform replacements for all matching assignments (from last to first to not break line offsets)
    for i, node in reversed(assign_nodes):
        start_line = node.lineno - 1
        line = lines[start_line]
        indent = ' ' * (len(line) - len(line.lstrip()))
        lines[start_line] = f"{indent}{var_name} = {value}"
        next_line = len(lines)
        for next_node in tree.body[i+1:]:
            if hasattr(next_node, 'lineno'):
                next_line = next_node.lineno - 1
                break
        if next_line > start_line + 1:
            lines[start_line+1:next_line] = []
        changed = True

    return '\\n'.join(lines) if changed else code

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_main.py

Et praktisk, hands-on kursus for kommende data scientists, der er klar til at håndtere virkelige udfordringer med store datamængder. Lær at behandle, udvælge og analysere massive datasæt effektivt ved hjælp af Python og essentielle biblioteker. Hver sektion indeholder engagerende video-forklaringer og interaktive udfordringer, der opbygger din ekspertise.

Lær grundlæggende strategier til håndtering af datasæt, der er for store til at passe i hukommelsen, herunder chunking- og streamingteknikker.

Undersøg metoder til at balancere og udtage prøver fra store datasæt, herunder oversampling og undersampling.

Lær at bruge polars-biblioteket til hurtig, hukommelseseffektiv databehandling.

Challenge: Anvend Undersampling

Løsning