Lære What is Concurrency? | Concurrency Foundations

Forudsætninger

C++ Introduction

Definition

Concurrency means managing multiple tasks at once by interleaving their execution, while parallelism runs tasks simultaneously on different processors or cores.

Concurrency and parallelism are two foundational concepts in modern software development. Imagine a chef preparing several dishes: with concurrency, the chef switches between tasks like chopping vegetables, boiling water, and grilling one at a time but rapidly, making progress on each. With parallelism, there are several chefs, each working on a different dish at the same time.

main.cpp


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#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

// Function to simulate a task
void task(const std::string& name, int count) 
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= count; ++i)
        std::cout << name << " step " << i << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Sequential execution:\n";
    // Tasks run one after another
    task("Task A", 3); // Task A completes all steps before Task B starts
    task("Task B", 3);

    std::cout << "\nConcurrent execution:\n";
    // Tasks run concurrently (may overlap)
    std::thread t1(task, "Task A", 3);
    std::thread t2(task, "Task B", 3);

    t1.join(); // Wait for Task A to finish
    t2.join(); // Wait for Task B to finish
}

In C++, understanding these distinctions is crucial for writing efficient, robust, and correct multi-threaded programs.

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