Every application you run on a computer is managed as a process by the operating system. Processes are more than just running programs—they are structured containers for code, data, and the resources they need to function. When you launch a process, the operating system allocates hardware resources such as CPU time, memory space, disk access, and network connectivity to ensure smooth execution.

The CPU is responsible for performing calculations and running instructions. The operating system schedules processes to share the CPU efficiently, balancing speed and fairness. Memory is allocated so each process can store its data and code securely, avoiding unintended interference with other processes. Disk resources are managed so processes can read and write files as needed, while network resources allow processes to communicate with other systems or services.

Balancing these resources involves trade-offs. Allocating too much memory to one process can starve others, while aggressive CPU scheduling may slow down background tasks. Disk and network access must be managed to prevent bottlenecks and ensure stable performance. In real-world environments, especially those supporting many users or services, these interactions directly affect reliability, scalability, and cost.

Understanding how processes interact with hardware is essential for anyone working in DevOps. It enables you to design systems that use resources efficiently, troubleshoot performance issues, and make informed decisions about scaling and optimizing workloads.