The `assert` methods are part of the `unittest.TestCase` class and are used to check conditions in your tests. 
Simply put, each test method in the Test class concludes with a statement such as `self.assert`.

## Commonly Used assert Methods
| **Method** | **Check** | **Example** |
|--------------|-------|-------------|
| assertEqual(a, b) | a == b | assertEqual(sum([1, 2, 3]), 6) |
| assertNotEqual(a, b) | a != b | assertNotEqual(1, 2) |
| assertTrue(x) | bool(x) is True | assertTrue(isinstance(123, int)) |
| assertFalse(x) | bool(x) is False | assertFalse(isinstance("hello", int)) |
| assertIs(a, b) | a is b | a = 1, b = a |
| assertIsNone(x) | x is None | book.price = None |
| assertIn(a, b) | a in b | assertIn(2, [1, 2, 3]) |
| assertIsInstance(a, b) | isinstance(a, b) | assertIsInstance(123, int) |

Also, `assertRaises(Error, func, *args, **kwargs)` is used to test that an error is raised. For example:
``` python
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
    int("xyz")
```
This checks that converting "xyz" to integer raises `ValueError`.

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Python Advanced Concepts

Assert Methods

Commonly Used assert Methods

Method	Check	Example
assertEqual(a, b)	a == b	assertEqual(sum([1, 2, 3]), 6)
assertNotEqual(a, b)	a != b	assertNotEqual(1, 2)
assertTrue(x)	bool(x) is True	assertTrue(isinstance(123, int))
assertFalse(x)	bool(x) is False	assertFalse(isinstance("hello", int))
assertIs(a, b)	a is b	a = 1, b = a
assertIsNone(x)	x is None	book.price = None
assertIn(a, b)	a in b	assertIn(2, [1, 2, 3])
assertIsInstance(a, b)	isinstance(a, b)	assertIsInstance(123, int)