Setting Up the Kernel Build Environment
Before you can begin writing and testing your own character device drivers, you must set up a suitable kernel build environment. Building kernel modules differs from compiling user-space programs: you interact directly with the kernel’s build system and require a set of specific files to ensure compatibility and successful compilation. The essential files you need are:
- The kernel source code or at least its headers, matching the running kernel version;
- A
Makefilethat instructs the kernel build system how to build your module; - Your kernel module source file, usually with a
.cextension.
These files form the foundation for building and testing any kernel module.
Makefile.
1234567obj-m += simple_module.o all: make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules clean: make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean
The Makefile shown above is a minimal example tailored for building a kernel module. It uses the obj-m variable to specify the object files to be built as modules. When you run make, it invokes the kernel’s own build system by calling make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build, passing the current directory as the module source location with M=$(PWD). This approach ensures your module is built against the correct kernel version and configuration, leveraging all the compatibility and dependency management provided by the kernel’s infrastructure.
simple_module.c
1234567891011121314151617181920#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("Your Name"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A simple minimal kernel module"); static int __init simple_init(void) { printk(KERN_INFO "Simple module loaded\n"); return 0; } static void __exit simple_exit(void) { printk(KERN_INFO "Simple module unloaded\n"); } module_init(simple_init); module_exit(simple_exit);
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Before you can begin writing and testing your own character device drivers, you must set up a suitable kernel build environment. Building kernel modules differs from compiling user-space programs: you interact directly with the kernel’s build system and require a set of specific files to ensure compatibility and successful compilation. The essential files you need are:
- The kernel source code or at least its headers, matching the running kernel version;
- A
Makefilethat instructs the kernel build system how to build your module; - Your kernel module source file, usually with a
.cextension.
These files form the foundation for building and testing any kernel module.
Makefile.
1234567obj-m += simple_module.o all: make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules clean: make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean
The Makefile shown above is a minimal example tailored for building a kernel module. It uses the obj-m variable to specify the object files to be built as modules. When you run make, it invokes the kernel’s own build system by calling make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build, passing the current directory as the module source location with M=$(PWD). This approach ensures your module is built against the correct kernel version and configuration, leveraging all the compatibility and dependency management provided by the kernel’s infrastructure.
simple_module.c
1234567891011121314151617181920#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("Your Name"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A simple minimal kernel module"); static int __init simple_init(void) { printk(KERN_INFO "Simple module loaded\n"); return 0; } static void __exit simple_exit(void) { printk(KERN_INFO "Simple module unloaded\n"); } module_init(simple_init); module_exit(simple_exit);
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