## Tärkeimmät muistettavat asiat

- **Testien eristäminen**: jokaisen testin tulee suorittua itsenäisesti, jotta yhden testin muutokset eivät vaikuta muihin;
- **Pytestin fixturet**: fixturet tarjoavat tuoreet instanssit tai alustuksen jokaiselle testille, varmistaen testien eristämisen;
- **Luokkien suunnittelu**: määrittele luokat attribuuteilla ja metodeilla käyttäytymisen ja tilan järjestämiseksi;
- **Väittämät testeissä**: käytä `assert`-lauseita tarkistaaksesi, toimiiko koodisi odotetusti, kuten listan pituuden, alkioiden sisällön tai metodien palautusarvojen tarkistamiseen.


import unittest
import user_code
import ast
import re   
import importlib
import csv
import importlib
import sys
import types
import builtins

class TestTask(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        # Dynamically create user_code module from task code
        import os
        self.module_name = "user_code"
        self.test_filename = "user_code.py"
        with open(self.test_filename, "r") as f:
            self.code = f.read()
        # Remove module if already loaded
        if self.module_name in sys.modules:
            del sys.modules[self.module_name]

    def test_add_item(self):
        # Setup
        ns = {}
        exec(self.code, ns)
        ShoppingCart = ns.get('ShoppingCart', None)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            ShoppingCart is not None,
            "ShoppingCart class is defined",
            "ShoppingCart class is not defined"
        )
        cart = ShoppingCart()
        cart.add_item('Laptop', 1200.0)
        items = getattr(cart, 'items', None)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            isinstance(items, list),
            "ShoppingCart.items is a list",
            f"ShoppingCart.items is not a list: {items}"
        )
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            len(items) == 1,
            "Cart has 1 item after adding",
            f"Cart should have 1 item, has {len(items)}"
        )
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            isinstance(items[0], dict) and items[0].get("name") == 'Laptop',
            "Cart item name is 'Laptop'",
            f"Expected item name 'Laptop', got: {items[0].get('name') if isinstance(items[0], dict) else items[0]}"
        )

    def test_total_price(self):
        ns = {}
        exec(self.code, ns)
        ShoppingCart = ns.get('ShoppingCart', None)
        cart = ShoppingCart()
        cart.add_item('Book', 20.0)
        cart.add_item('Coffee', 5.0)
        get_total = getattr(cart, 'get_total', None)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            callable(get_total),
            "get_total method is callable",
            "get_total method is not callable"
        )
        total = cart.get_total()
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            total == 25.0,
            "Cart total is correct after adding two items (20.0 + 5.0)",
            f"Expected total 25.0, got {total}"
        )

    def test_empty_cart_total(self):
        ns = {}
        exec(self.code, ns)
        ShoppingCart = ns.get('ShoppingCart', None)
        cart = ShoppingCart()
        get_total = getattr(cart, 'get_total', None)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            callable(get_total),
            "get_total method is callable",
            "get_total method is not callable"
        )
        total = cart.get_total()
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            total == 0,
            "Cart total is 0 for empty cart",
            f"Expected total 0, got {total}"
        )

    def test_cart_fixture_isolation(self):
        # Test that a new ShoppingCart instance is returned each time from the fixture
        ns = {}
        exec(self.code, ns)
        ShoppingCart = ns.get('ShoppingCart', None)
        cart_fixture = ns.get('cart', None)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            callable(cart_fixture),
            "cart fixture is defined and callable",
            "cart fixture is not defined/callable"
        )
        cart1 = cart_fixture()
        cart2 = cart_fixture()
        cart1.add_item('A', 1)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            len(cart2.items) == 0,
            "Each cart fixture call returns a fresh cart (test isolation)",
            f"cart2.items should be empty, got: {cart2.items}"
        )

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

def normalize_text(text):
    text = text.lower()
    text = re.sub(r"\\s{2,}", " ", text)
    text = re.sub(r"\\s*([,:?])\\s*", r"\\1 ", text)
    return text.strip()

def change_var(code: str, var_name: str, value: str) -> str:
    tree = ast.parse(code)
    lines = code.splitlines()
    changed = False
    # Collect all assignment nodes to modify
    assign_nodes = [
        (i, node)
        for i, node in enumerate(tree.body)
        if isinstance(node, ast.Assign)
        and any(isinstance(target, ast.Name) and target.id == var_name for target in node.targets)
    ]

    # If nothing to change, return unmodified code
    if not assign_nodes:
        return code

    # Perform replacements for all matching assignments (from last to first to not break line offsets)
    for i, node in reversed(assign_nodes):
        start_line = node.lineno - 1
        line = lines[start_line]
        indent = ' ' * (len(line) - len(line.lstrip()))
        lines[start_line] = f"{indent}{var_name} = {value}"
        next_line = len(lines)
        for next_node in tree.body[i+1:]:
            if hasattr(next_node, 'lineno'):
                next_line = next_node.lineno - 1
                break
        if next_line > start_line + 1:
            lines[start_line+1:next_line] = []
        changed = True

    return '\\n'.join(lines) if changed else code

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_main.py

Saat käytännön taitoja Pythonin moduulien ja tuontien hallintaan tehokasta koodin hallintaa varten. Hallitse kehittyneitä virheenkäsittelytekniikoita luotettavampien sovellusten rakentamiseksi, automatisoi tiedostojen käsittely ja opi vankkoja testausstrategioita Pytestin ja Unittestin avulla varmistaaksesi koodisi eheyden.

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Tärkeimmät muistettavat asiat

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