Setting Up a Test Plan

Setting Up a Test Plan

A solid test plan is your foundation for a successful penetration test. You need to set clear boundaries, goals, and guidelines before you begin. Here’s how to do it step by step.

Defining the Scope

Scope means what you are allowed to test. If you skip this, you risk testing systems you shouldn’t touch.

To define scope:

• List all systems, networks, and applications you can test;
• Exclude any assets that are off-limits;
• Confirm scope with the client or system owner.

Example: You are asked to test a company’s website and internal network, but not their cloud storage. Only those assets go in your scope.

Setting Objectives

Objectives are what you aim to achieve. These guide your actions and help measure success.

To set objectives:

• Identify the main security questions you want to answer;
• Decide if you are looking for data breaches, privilege escalation, or other risks;
• Make sure your objectives are specific and measurable.

Example: Your objective is to find out if an attacker could access customer records through the website.

Rules of Engagement

Rules of engagement are the do’s and don’ts during your test. These protect you and the organization.

Common rules include:

• What testing methods are allowed, such as scanning or social engineering;
• When testing can happen, to avoid disrupting business;
• Who to contact in case you find a critical issue or cause a problem.

Example: You can run vulnerability scans at night, but cannot send phishing emails to employees.

Choosing a Methodology

A methodology is your step-by-step approach. Following a standard method keeps your test organized and thorough.

Common penetration testing methodologies:

• Information gathering (reconnaissance);
• Scanning and enumeration;
• Exploitation of vulnerabilities;
• Post-exploitation and reporting.

Example: You start by mapping the network, then scan for open ports, try to exploit weaknesses, and finish by documenting your findings.