Formatting by Keys

As for now, we can format strings in a specific order. It can be useful if we know in what order the values/variables will be given. But what to do if we have no idea about the order? Dictionaries can help us to avoid this issue.

As we may recall, a dictionary - is one of the data types in Python. Data in dictionary stores in pairs: key:value. This aspect will help us with formatting. For example, we know that we want to insert a person's name and age. We don't have to be worried about the order of the values. Instead of placing indices within the {} blocks, we will put some dummy variable (dictionary) with key (without quotes!). Then we will need to specify this variable as an argument for format() function. For example,

person = {'name': 'Alex', 'age': 23}

pattern = "{d[name]} is {d[age]} years old"

print(pattern.format(d = person))


              123
            
person = {'name': 'Alex', 'age': 23}
pattern = "{d[name]} is {d[age]} years old"
print(pattern.format(d = person))

Please note that the keys we write within the dummy variable must be in your dictionary. We can't refer to {d[type]} not having a type key in the dictionary.

Tehtävä

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Given dictionary geo with keys country and capital. You need to create the pattern geo_str "The capital of country is capital". country and capital - are values of dictionary geo by eponymous keys. Then, you need to print this string formatted by using dictionary geo.