Oppiskele Introducing CASE WHEN Statements | CASE WHEN for Business Logic

Conditional logic is a vital tool in business intelligence, allowing you to tailor results based on specific criteria within your SQL queries. By applying conditional logic, you can create dynamic reports that highlight important business trends, flag exceptions, or segment data for more meaningful analysis. This is especially important in BI reporting, where decision-makers rely on clear categories and actionable insights.


              12345
            
SELECT order_id,
       CASE WHEN total_amount > 100 THEN 'High'
            ELSE 'Standard'
       END AS order_size
FROM orders;

This query demonstrates how you can use the CASE WHEN statement to categorize orders based on their total amount. For each order_id in the orders table, the query checks if the total_amount is greater than 100. If it is, the order is labeled as 'High'; otherwise, it is labeled as 'Standard'. This approach helps you quickly identify high-value orders, making it easier to focus on key transactions in your analysis.


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SELECT product_id,
       CASE WHEN product_categories.category_name = 'Electronics' THEN 'Tech'
            ELSE 'Other'
       END AS product_type
FROM products
JOIN product_categories ON products.category_id = product_categories.category_id;

By joining the products and product_categories tables, you check if a product's category_name is 'Electronics'. If so, the product is labeled as 'Tech'; otherwise, it is labeled as 'Other'. This mapping simplifies reports and focuses on key business segments.

Definition

The CASE WHEN statement in SQL allows you to add conditional logic directly into your queries. It works like an inline IF-THEN-ELSE, letting you create new fields, categories, or flags based on your business rules. This makes your queries more dynamic and adaptable to changing business needs.

You will often use CASE WHEN to flag high-value orders, segment customers by behavior or region, or create custom categories for products and sales. This flexibility helps you answer business questions more effectively and create reports that are both insightful and actionable.

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              12345
            
SELECT order_id,
       CASE WHEN total_amount > 100 THEN 'High'
            ELSE 'Standard'
       END AS order_size
FROM orders;


              123456
            
SELECT product_id,
       CASE WHEN product_categories.category_name = 'Electronics' THEN 'Tech'
            ELSE 'Other'
       END AS product_type
FROM products
JOIN product_categories ON products.category_id = product_categories.category_id;

Definition

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Osio 2. Luku 1

Introducing CASE WHEN Statements

1. What does the CASE WHEN statement allow you to do in SQL?

2. How would you label orders above $100 as 'High' using CASE WHEN?

3. Why is conditional logic important in BI reporting?

Introducing CASE WHEN Statements

1. What does the CASE WHEN statement allow you to do in SQL?

2. How would you label orders above $100 as 'High' using CASE WHEN?

3. Why is conditional logic important in BI reporting?