Another common way to navigate through HTML files other than XPaths is **CSS Selectors**.

> **CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)** is the language that describes how HTML elements are displayed on your screen.

The notation of **CSS Selectors** is very familiar with **XPathes**. Let’s learn! 

In the syntax of the XPathes `/` means to move forward to one generation, in CSS Selectors for this purpose is `>`. For example:

```
xpath = "/html/head/title"
сss_selector = "html > head > title"
```

These two variables point to the same tag in different ways. Pay attention that we ignore the first `/` by replacing XPath notation with CSS Selector.

To pass tags in XPathes we used `//`. With CSS Selectors, you can just use the space (miss the symbol). Keep in mind that we also ignore the first `//` by converting from XPaths if it's the first symbol. For instance, the two same expressions:

```
xpath = "//body/div//p"
css_selector = "body > div p"
```

To specify which tag we want to extract, you should write `:nth-of-type()` with the number of tags as the parameter. For example:

```
xpath = "/html/body/div[2]"
сss_selector = "html > body > div:nth-of-type(2)"
```

In the code above, we mentioned two ways to the second `div` tag in `body` tags.

Sometimes, you need a unique indicator for not counting all tags. For this purpose, you can use the id attribute. To find the element of the file by `id` with CSS Selectors, use a `#` sign:

```
xpath = "/html/body/div[@id = 'id1']"
css_selector = "html > body > div#id1"
```

In the code, the CSS Selector and XPath navigate to the `div` tag whose `id` is equal to `id1`. 

To build a path to all elements belonging to the class, even if they belong to other classes, use a period `.` after tag’s name. For instance:

```
xpath = "/html/body/div[@class = 'class1']"
css_selector = "html > body > div.class1"
```

Here in the first line, XPath selects only `div` tags whose classes are equal to `class1`. In the second line, CSS Selector navigates to all tags which belong to the `class1`. The difference is that in the second case, the selected tag can also belong to another `class` (`class2`), but in the first case **not**.

Choose CSS Selector equal to the following XPath:

Web Scraping is a process that can be used to automatically extract information from websites. This course will help you to get the data from sources and transform it to the DataFrames using various libraries!

Here we will explore the structure of the HTML file, how to load it and work with the data in the file.

Learn how to extract the data more comfortably with the BeautifulSoup library.

Explore how XPath and CSS Selectors can be used to locate web elements without id, class, or name.

Here we will learn how to convert tables into the DataFrame for the following analysis.

Web Scraping with Python

CSS Selectors