Impara Assertions for Defensive Checks | Preventing and Debugging Failures

Definition

An assertion is a statement that checks a logical expression or assumption; if this assumption is false, the program will immediately halt during development.

Assertions are a useful debugging tool that help verify assumptions made in your code. They allow you to check whether certain conditions are true while the program runs. If an assertion fails, the program stops immediately and reports the problem helping you find logic errors early in development.

#include <assert.h>

assert(expression);

It helps you catch programming errors early, before they can lead to more complex failures or security vulnerabilities. Assertions are typically used to check preconditions, postconditions, and invariants—conditions that should always be true if your code is correct. They are not a substitute for proper error handling in production code, but they are invaluable during development for quickly identifying bugs and incorrect assumptions.

main.c


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#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>

// Function to divide two integers, with assertion to check denominator is not zero
int safe_divide(int numerator, int denominator) {
    assert(denominator != 0 && "Denominator must not be zero.");
    return numerator / denominator;
}

int main() {
    int result1 = safe_divide(10, 2);
    printf("10 / 2 = %d\n", result1);

    // This will trigger the assertion and terminate the program
    int result2 = safe_divide(5, 0);
    printf("5 / 0 = %d\n", result2);

    return 0;
}

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Sezione 3. Capitolo 1

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