Summary  
This chapter covers the CSS box-sizing property, explaining how content-box and border-box affect whether padding and border are added outside or included within an element’s defined width and height, and shows how the inherit value propagates that behavior from parent to child.

General domain of usage  
Web page layout and styling

The `box-sizing` property is used to control how the total size of an element is calculated, specifically concerning its `width` and `height`. There are three possible values for the `box-sizing` property. Let's break down what each of these values means:
```css
box-sizing: content-box | border-box | inherit;
```

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

LyogQ3VycmVudCBmb2N1cyAqLwovKiBEZWZhdWx0IGJlaGF2aW9yICovCi5jb250ZW50LWJveCB7CiAgYm94LXNpemluZzogY29udGVudC1ib3g7CiAgYmFja2dyb3VuZC1jb2xvcjogI2UxZjVmZTsKfQoKLyogUmVjb21tZW5kZWQgbW9kZXJuIGJlaGF2aW9yICovCi5ib3JkZXItYm94IHsKICBib3gtc2l6aW5nOiBib3JkZXItYm94OwogIGJhY2tncm91bmQtY29sb3I6ICNmZmYzZTA7Cn0KCi8qIEFkZGl0aW9uYWwgc3R5bGVzIGZvciBiZXR0ZXIgYXBwZWFyYW5jZSAobm90IHRoZSBjdXJyZW50IGZvY3VzKSAqLwoud3JhcHBlciB7CiAgZGlzcGxheTogZmxleDsKICBqdXN0aWZ5LWNvbnRlbnQ6IGNlbnRlcjsKICBnYXA6IDQwcHg7CiAgcGFkZGluZzogMTBweDsKICBiYWNrZ3JvdW5kLWNvbG9yOiAjZjRmNGY4OwogIGJveC1zaXppbmc6IGJvcmRlci1ib3g7Cn0KCi5jYXJkIHsKICB3aWR0aDogMjAwcHg7CiAgaGVpZ2h0OiAyMDBweDsKICBwYWRkaW5nOiAyMHB4OwogIGJvcmRlcjogNHB4IHNvbGlkICM0YTkwZTI7CiAgYm9yZGVyLXJhZGl1czogMTJweDsKICBmb250LWZhbWlseTogJ0ZpcmEgU2FucycsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgYm94LXNoYWRvdzogMCA0cHggMTJweCByZ2JhKDAsIDAsIDAsIDAuMSk7CiAgZm9udC1zaXplOiAxNXB4OwogIGxpbmUtaGVpZ2h0OiAxLjU7CiAgdHJhbnNpdGlvbjogYWxsIDAuM3MgZWFzZTsKfQoKaDMgewogIHRleHQtYWxpZ246IGNlbnRlcjsKICBtYXJnaW4tdG9wOiAwOwogIGZvbnQtc2l6ZTogMjBweDsKICBmb250LXdlaWdodDogNjAwOwogIGNvbG9yOiAjMzMzOwp9

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <style>
      /* Current focus */
      /* Default behavior */
      .content-box {
        box-sizing: content-box;
        background-color: #e1f5fe;
      }

      /* Recommended modern behavior */
      .border-box {
        box-sizing: border-box;
        background-color: #fff3e0;
      }

      /* Additional styles for better appearance (not the current focus) */
      .wrapper {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 40px;
        padding: 10px;
        background-color: #f4f4f8;
        box-sizing: border-box;
      }

      .card {
        width: 200px;
        height: 200px;
        padding: 20px;
        border: 4px solid #4a90e2;
        border-radius: 12px;
        font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        font-size: 15px;
        line-height: 1.5;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
      }

      h3 {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 0;
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #333;
}
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="wrapper">
      <div class="card content-box">
        <h3>content-box</h3>
        <p>
          The padding and border are added on top of the width and height. So
          the total size becomes larger than 200px.
        </p>
      </div>

      <div class="card border-box">
        <h3>border-box</h3>
        <p>
          The padding and border are included in the 200px width and height. The
          box stays exactly 200px.
        </p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>


## inherit
- The `inherit` value allows an element's `box-sizing` property to inherit its value from its parent element;
- This means that the `box-sizing` behavior of the current element is determined by the `box-sizing` property of its parent element;
- It can help ensure a consistent `box-sizing` behavior throughout a document by setting it on a parent container.

What is the default value for the `box-sizing` property?

If a parent element has `box-sizing: border-box` and a child element has `box-sizing: inherit`, what value will the child element use for the `box-sizing` property?

Learn how CSS brings structure and visual style to web pages by controlling layout, typography, spacing, and interactive states. Topics range from core styling concepts and selectors to the box model, Flexbox layouts, fonts, backgrounds, and decorative effects for building modern, responsive interfaces.

Understanding Box Sizing in CSS

Output

inherit

1. What is the default value for the `box-sizing` property?

2. If a parent element has `box-sizing: border-box` and a child element has `box-sizing: inherit`, what value will the child element use for the `box-sizing` property?

Understanding Box Sizing in CSS

Output

inherit

1. What is the default value for the box-sizing property?

2. If a parent element has box-sizing: border-box and a child element has box-sizing: inherit, what value will the child element use for the box-sizing property?

1. What is the default value for the `box-sizing` property?

2. If a parent element has `box-sizing: border-box` and a child element has `box-sizing: inherit`, what value will the child element use for the `box-sizing` property?