Summary  
This chapter shows how to define classes for geometric shapes with constructors and methods to compute area and perimeter, instantiate shape objects, and use printing to display their properties.  

General domain of usage  
Architectural design

Understanding geometric shapes is essential in architectural design, as these shapes form the basis of most building elements. **Rectangles**, **circles**, and **triangles** are the most common geometric primitives used in floor plans, facades, and structural components. By representing these shapes programmatically, you can automate calculations such as **area**, **perimeter**, and other properties that are crucial for space planning, material estimation, and compliance with design standards.

class Rectangle:
    def __init__(self, width, height):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height

    def area(self):
        return self.width * self.height

    def perimeter(self):
        return 2 * (self.width + self.height)


class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def area(self):
        from math import pi
        return pi * self.radius ** 2

    def perimeter(self):
        from math import pi
        return 2 * pi * self.radius

The `Rectangle` and `Circle` classes both use an `__init__` method to initialize their dimensions. Each class provides an `area` method to compute the surface area and a `perimeter` method to calculate the boundary length. This class structure makes it easy to model real-world building elements, such as rooms (`rectangles`) or columns (`circles`), and to extend these models with additional methods as needed. By encapsulating geometric computations within classes, you can keep your code organized and reusable for different parts of an architectural project.

# Create a rectangle representing a room 5 meters wide and 3 meters high
room = Rectangle(5, 3)
print("Room area:", room.area())
print("Room perimeter:", room.perimeter())

# Create a circular window with a radius of 1.2 meters
window = Circle(1.2)
print("Window area:", window.area())
print("Window perimeter:", window.perimeter())

Which method would you add to a Rectangle class to compute its diagonal length?

Why is object-oriented programming useful for modeling geometric shapes in architecture?

What is the formula for the area of a circle, as implemented in the Circle class?

A hands-on course designed for architects to leverage Python for solving real-world architectural problems, including data analysis, geometry, visualization, and automation. This course blends architectural thinking with Python programming, focusing on practical applications relevant to the field.

Learn to analyze, manipulate, and summarize architectural data using Python and pandas. This section focuses on extracting insights from building data, room schedules, and material lists.

Apply Python to solve geometric and spatial problems relevant to architectural design, such as calculating areas, perimeters, and analyzing spatial relationships.

Harness Python's visualization libraries and automation capabilities to streamline architectural analysis and presentation.

Working with Geometric Shapes

1. Which method would you add to a Rectangle class to compute its diagonal length?

2. Why is object-oriented programming useful for modeling geometric shapes in architecture?

3. What is the formula for the area of a circle, as implemented in the Circle class?