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C++ Structures and Enumerations

bookArrays of Structs

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When you need to represent multiple related items with the same structure, such as a group of people, you can use arrays or vectors of structs. Suppose you have already defined a Person struct with members like name, age, and height. Declaring an array of Person structs allows you to store and manage a fixed-size collection of people. For example, you can create an array to represent a classroom roster or a team.

main.cpp

main.cpp

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#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Person {
    std::string name;
    int age;
    double height;
};

int main()
{
    Person people[3] = {
        {"Alice", 30, 5.5},
        {"Bob", 25, 5.9},
        {"Charlie", 28, 5.7}
    };

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
        std::cout << "Name: " << people[i].name << std::endl;
}

Vectors offer several advantages over arrays when working with dynamic collections of structs:

  • Allow you to add or remove elements at runtime;
  • Automatically manage memory and resizing;
  • Provide useful member functions such as push_back, pop_back, and size;
  • Help prevent common errors like buffer overflows;
  • Make code easier to read and maintain.
Note
Note

Use a std::vector when the size of your collection may need to change during program execution.

question mark

What is a main advantage of using an array of structs to represent multiple related items?

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