学ぶ Declaring and Initializing Structs

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To declare a struct in C++, use the struct keyword followed by its name and curly braces containing member variables. Each member is declared like a normal variable and ends with a semicolon. Don’t forget the semicolon after the closing brace to complete the declaration.

Once defined, you can create variables of that struct type just like any other data type. Struct members can be initialized individually or with brace initialization to assign all values in order.

Note

Brace initialization helps prevent errors by ensuring members are set in the correct order.

main.cpp


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#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Person {
    std::string name;
    int age;
};

int main()
{
    // Create and initialize a Person variable
    Person alice = {"Alice", 30};

    // Print the values
    std::cout << "Name: " << alice.name << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Age: " << alice.age << std::endl;
}

Once you have created an instance of a struct, you can access its members using the dot operator (.). The dot operator allows you to read or modify the value of a specific member field. For example, if you have a Person variable named alice, you can access the name member with alice.name and the age member with alice.age. To change a field, simply assign a new value to it using the same syntax. This approach makes it easy to update information stored in a struct after it has been initialized.

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