Summary
Accessing a DataFrame’s metadata by retrieving its column names with the `.columns` attribute and inspecting each column’s data types using the `.dtypes` attribute.

General domain of usage
Data analysis

To display all column names as a list, use the following line of code:

```python
column_names = df.columns
```

To get a summary of all data types in the `DataFrame`, use the following attribute:
`.dtypes`.
```python
data_types = df.dtypes
```

import unittest
import importlib
import pandas as pd


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_column_names_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'column_names'),
            "The `column_names` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `column_names` to be declared."
        )

    def test_column_names_is_index(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.column_names, pd.Index)
            failure_message = f"Expected `column_names` to be an `Index`, but got `{type(user_code.column_names).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `column_names` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `column_names` is an `Index`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_column_names_is_correct(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            wine_data = pd.read_csv(
                'https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a43d24b6-df61-4e11-9c90-5b36552b3437/wine.csv')
            expected_value = wine_data.columns
            condition = user_code.column_names.equals(expected_value)
            failure_message = f"Expected `column_names` to be `{expected_value}`, but got `{user_code.column_names}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            if not getattr(user_code, 'column_names', None):
                failure_message = "The `column_names` variable is not declared."
            else:
                failure_message = f"`column_names` is not an `Index`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`column_names` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_data_types_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'data_types'),
            "The `data_types` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `data_types` to be declared."
        )

    def test_data_types_is_series(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.data_types, pd.Series)
            failure_message = f"Expected `data_types` to be a `Series`, but got `{type(user_code.data_types).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `data_types` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `data_types` is a `Series`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_data_types_is_correct(self):
        import user_code

        wine_data = pd.read_csv(
            'https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a43d24b6-df61-4e11-9c90-5b36552b3437/wine.csv')
        expected_value = wine_data.dtypes
        
        variable = 'data_types'
        actual_value = getattr(user_code, variable, None)
        if actual_value is None:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"The `{variable}` variable is not declared."
        elif isinstance(actual_value, pd.Series):
            condition = actual_value.equals(expected_value)
            if actual_value.empty:
                failure_message = f"`{variable}` is empty."
            else:
                failure_message = f"Expected `{variable}` to contain `{expected_value.values}`, but got `{actual_value.values}`."
        else:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is not a `Series`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`first_row` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

Focus on the core skills for wrangling tabular data with pandas in Python. Learn to build efficient data pipelines, manipulate DataFrames, filter and select records, handle missing values, perform aggregations, and merge datasets for data science workflows. Each chapter is action-oriented and ends with practical challenges.

Column Names and Data Types

解答