Summary  
This chapter covers accessing a DataFrame’s metadata by retrieving its column names via the `.columns` attribute and its data types via the `.dtypes` attribute.

General domain of usage  
Data analysis

すべての列名をリストとして表示するには、次のコード行を使用。

```python
column_names = df.columns
```

`DataFrame`内のすべてのデータ型の概要を取得するには、次の属性を使用。
`.dtypes`
```python
data_types = df.dtypes
```

import unittest
import importlib
import pandas as pd


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_column_names_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'column_names'),
            "The `column_names` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `column_names` to be declared."
        )

    def test_column_names_is_index(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.column_names, pd.Index)
            failure_message = f"Expected `column_names` to be an `Index`, but got `{type(user_code.column_names).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `column_names` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `column_names` is an `Index`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_column_names_is_correct(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            wine_data = pd.read_csv(
                'https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a43d24b6-df61-4e11-9c90-5b36552b3437/wine.csv')
            expected_value = wine_data.columns
            condition = user_code.column_names.equals(expected_value)
            failure_message = f"Expected `column_names` to be `{expected_value}`, but got `{user_code.column_names}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            if not getattr(user_code, 'column_names', None):
                failure_message = "The `column_names` variable is not declared."
            else:
                failure_message = f"`column_names` is not an `Index`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`column_names` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_data_types_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'data_types'),
            "The `data_types` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `data_types` to be declared."
        )

    def test_data_types_is_series(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.data_types, pd.Series)
            failure_message = f"Expected `data_types` to be a `Series`, but got `{type(user_code.data_types).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `data_types` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `data_types` is a `Series`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_data_types_is_correct(self):
        import user_code

        wine_data = pd.read_csv(
            'https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a43d24b6-df61-4e11-9c90-5b36552b3437/wine.csv')
        expected_value = wine_data.dtypes
        
        variable = 'data_types'
        actual_value = getattr(user_code, variable, None)
        if actual_value is None:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"The `{variable}` variable is not declared."
        elif isinstance(actual_value, pd.Series):
            condition = actual_value.equals(expected_value)
            if actual_value.empty:
                failure_message = f"`{variable}` is empty."
            else:
                failure_message = f"Expected `{variable}` to contain `{expected_value.values}`, but got `{actual_value.values}`."
        else:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is not a `Series`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`first_row` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

pandasを使用した実践的なデータ操作スキルの習得。SeriesおよびDataFrameの操作、データセットの読み込みと探索、データの選択とフィルタリング、集約処理、テーブルの再構成、複数のDataFrameの結合、分析のためのデータ準備。

列名とデータ型

解答