Summary  
This chapter covers using pandas DataFrame.count() to count non-null entries per column or in a specific column, and DataFrame.sum() to compute the sum of numeric or boolean columns (including summing an isna() boolean mask to count missing values).

General domain of usage  
Data analysis

`pandas` には `count()` メソッドがあり、各列の **null でない** セル（`None` や `NaN` でないもの）をカウント。
```python
df = pd.read_csv(file.csv)
number_of_cells = df.count()
```

特定の列における null でない値の **件数** を取得するには、次の構文を使用。
```python
df = pd.read_csv(file.csv)
number_of_cells = df['name of the column'].count()
```

`pandas` には `sum()` メソッドもあり。このメソッドは各列の値の合計を計算。ただし、**数値型** または **ブール型** の列のみ対応。
```python
df = pd.read_csv(file.csv)
total = df.sum()
```

`isna()` メソッドは **ブール型 DataFrame** を返すため、次の構文で各列の欠損値の件数を計算可能。

```python
missing_values_count = df.isna().sum()
```

特定の列の値の合計を求めるには、次の構文を使用。
```python
df = pd.read_csv(file.csv)
total = df['name of the column'].sum()
```

import unittest
import importlib
import pandas as pd


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_number_of_cells_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'number_of_cells'),
            "The `number_of_cells` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `number_of_cells` to be declared."
        )

    def test_number_of_cells_is_correct(self):
        import user_code
        cars_data = {'model': [None, 'audi A6', 'audi A4', None, 'audi A1'],
                     'year': [2017, 2016, 2017, None, 2016],
                     'fueltype': [None, 'diesel', 'diesel', 'petrol', 'petrol'],
                     'price': [12500, 16500, 16800, 17300, 16500]}
        audi_cars = pd.DataFrame(cars_data)
        expected_value = audi_cars.count()

        try:
            condition = user_code.number_of_cells.equals(expected_value)
            failure_message = f"Expected `number_of_cells` to be `{expected_value}`, but got `{user_code.number_of_cells}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            if not getattr(user_code, 'number_of_cells', None):
                failure_message = "The `number_of_cells` variable is not declared."
            else:
                failure_message = "`number_of_cells` is not a `Series`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`number_of_cells` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_total_price_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'total_price'),
            "The `total_price` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `total_price` to be declared."
        )

    def test_total_price_is_correct(self):
        import user_code
        cars_data = {'model': [None, 'audi A6', 'audi A4', None, 'audi A1'],
                     'year': [2017, 2016, 2017, None, 2016],
                     'fueltype': [None, 'diesel', 'diesel', 'petrol', 'petrol'],
                     'price': [12500, 16500, 16800, 17300, 16500]}
        audi_cars = pd.DataFrame(cars_data)
        expected_value = audi_cars['price'].sum()

        try:
            condition = user_code.total_price == expected_value
            failure_message = f"Expected `total_price` to be `{expected_value}`, but got `{user_code.total_price}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `total_price` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`total_price` is correct.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_null_count_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'null_count'),
            "The `null_count` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `null_count` to be declared."
        )

    def test_null_count_is_series(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.null_count, pd.Series)
            failure_message = f"Expected `null_count` to be a `Series`, but got `{type(user_code.null_count).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `null_count` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `null_count` is a `Series`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_null_count_is_correct(self):
        import user_code
        cars_data = {'model': [None, 'audi A6', 'audi A4', None, 'audi A1'],
                     'year': [2017, 2016, 2017, None, 2016],
                     'fueltype': [None, 'diesel', 'diesel', 'petrol', 'petrol'],
                     'price': [12500, 16500, 16800, 17300, 16500]}
        audi_cars = pd.DataFrame(cars_data)
        expected_value = audi_cars.isna().sum()

        variable = 'null_count'
        actual_value = getattr(user_code, variable, None)
        if actual_value is None:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"The `{variable}` variable is not declared."
        elif isinstance(actual_value, pd.Series):
            condition = actual_value.equals(expected_value)
            if actual_value.empty:
                failure_message = f"`{variable}` is empty."
            else:
                failure_message = f"Expected `{variable}` to contain `{expected_value.values}`, but got `{actual_value.values}`."
        else:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is not a `Series`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`{variable}` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`null_count` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

pandasを使用した実践的なデータ操作スキルの習得。SeriesおよびDataFrameの操作、データセットの読み込みと探索、データの選択とフィルタリング、集約処理、テーブルの再構成、複数のDataFrameの結合、分析のためのデータ準備。

sum() と count()

解答