Summary  
This chapter demonstrates how to integrate Python’s core features—variables, control flow, functions, data structures, modules, file I/O, and error handling—into a cohesive program. It shows how to organize and combine these fundamentals to implement code that performs a complete task.

General domain of usage  
Automating data processing tasks.

import unittest
import importlib
import io
import sys
import re

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_receipt_title_and_divider(self):
        import user_code
        captured_output = io.StringIO()
        sys.stdout = captured_output
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__

        output = captured_output.getvalue().strip().split("\\n")
        
        pattern = r"^\s*Shopping Receipt\s*$"
        divider_pattern = r"^\s*-{2,}\s*$"

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            re.match(pattern, output[0]) and re.match(divider_pattern, output[1]),
            "The receipt title and divider line are printed correctly.",
            "Expected receipt title and divider to be printed correctly."
        )

    def test_first_item_price_correct(self):
        import user_code
        captured_output = io.StringIO()
        sys.stdout = captured_output
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__

        output = captured_output.getvalue().strip().split("\\n")
        expected_price = 162 * 1.2
        pattern = rf"^\s*Item\s*1:\s*\$\s*{expected_price}\s*$"

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            re.match(pattern, output[2]),
            f"The first item price is calculated correctly as ${expected_price}.",
            f"Expected first item price to be ${expected_price}, but got `{output[2]}`."
        )

    def test_second_item_price_correct(self):
        import user_code
        captured_output = io.StringIO()
        sys.stdout = captured_output
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__

        output = captured_output.getvalue().strip().split("\\n")
        expected_price = 25 - 3
        pattern = rf"^\s*Item\s*2:\s*\$\s*{expected_price}\s*$"

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            re.match(pattern, output[3]),
            f"The second item price is calculated correctly as ${expected_price}.",
            f"Expected second item price to be ${expected_price}, but got `{output[3]}`."
        )

    def test_subtotal_price_correct(self):
        import user_code
        captured_output = io.StringIO()
        sys.stdout = captured_output
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__

        output = captured_output.getvalue().strip().split("\\n")
        expected_subtotal = (162 * 1.2) + (25 - 3)
        pattern = rf"^\s*Subtotal:\s*\$\s*{expected_subtotal}\s*$"

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            re.match(pattern, output[5]),
            f"The subtotal price is calculated correctly as ${expected_subtotal}.",
            f"Expected subtotal price to be ${expected_subtotal}, but got `{output[5]}`."
        )

    def test_tax_price_correct(self):
        import user_code
        captured_output = io.StringIO()
        sys.stdout = captured_output
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__

        output = captured_output.getvalue().strip().split("\\n")
        expected_tax = ((162 * 1.2) + (25 - 3)) * 0.08
        pattern = rf"^\s*Tax\s*$\s*8\s*%\s*$:\s*\$\s*{expected_tax}\s*$"

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            re.match(pattern, output[6]),
            f"The tax is calculated correctly as ${expected_tax}.",
            f"Expected tax price to be ${expected_tax}, but got `{output[6]}`."
        )

    def test_receipt_footer_correct(self):
        import user_code
        captured_output = io.StringIO()
        sys.stdout = captured_output
        importlib.reload(user_code)
        sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__

        output = captured_output.getvalue().strip().split("\\n")
        
        pattern = r"^\s*Thank you for shopping!\s*$"

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            re.match(pattern, output[8]),
            "The receipt footer is printed correctly.",
            "Expected receipt footer to be printed correctly."
        )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()


test_main.py

Pythonは、インタプリタ型の高水準汎用プログラミング言語です。HTML、CSS、JavaScriptが主にウェブ開発に使用されるのに対し、Pythonは多用途であり、ソフトウェア開発、データサイエンス、バックエンド開発など様々な分野で利用できます。本コースでは、Pythonの主要な側面を探求し、最終的には独自の関数を作成できるようになります。

Pythonの基本を学び、作業環境を探索し、簡単な数学演算を実行します。コメントを活用して可読性の高いコードを書く方法や、基本的および高度な数式を扱い、結果を表示する方法を学びます。

Pythonの基礎の総まとめ

解答