Summary  
This chapter explains how to import text files into a pandas DataFrame using `pd.read_csv()`, specifying a custom delimiter with `sep` and handling files without header rows by setting `header=None`.  

General domain of usage  
Data analysis

For å lese **tekstfiler** i `pandas`, kan du bruke den samme funksjonen, `pd.read_csv()`. For å sikre at tekstfilen leses riktig, er det imidlertid viktig å bruke en ekstra parameter kalt `sep`, som står for **separator** eller **avgrenser** i teksten.

```python
# Importing pandas library
import pandas as pd

# Reading a text file into a DataFrame
text_data = pd.read_csv('file.txt', sep='\r', header=None)
```

Hvis tekstfilen din ikke har en **overskriftsrad** med kolonnenavn, sett parameteren `header` til `None`. Dette informerer `pandas` om å ikke behandle den første raden som kolonnenavn.

For å bruke linjeskift som separator i en fil, noe som er vanlig i tekstfiler, sett `sep='\r'`. Her står `'\r'` for carriage return, som er et spesialtegn brukt for å indikere et linjeskift.

Merk

import unittest
import importlib
import pandas as pd


# Helper function to dynamically generate test names and assertions
def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


def get_first_differing_row(expected_df, actual_df):
    expected_list = expected_df.astype(str).apply(tuple, axis=1)
    actual_list = actual_df.astype(str).apply(tuple, axis=1)

    for i, (row1, row2) in enumerate(zip(expected_list, actual_list)):
        if row1 != row2:
            return i, expected_df.iloc[i].values, actual_df.iloc[i].values

    if len(expected_df) > len(actual_df):
        return len(actual_df), expected_df.iloc[len(actual_df)].values, None
    else:
        return len(expected_df), None, actual_df.iloc[len(expected_df)].values


class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_text_data_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'text_data'),
            "The `text_data` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `text_data` to be declared."
        )

    def test_text_data_is_dataframe(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.text_data, pd.DataFrame)
            failure_message = f"Expected `text_data` to be a `DataFrame`, but got `{type(user_code.text_data).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `text_data` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `text_data` is a `DataFrame`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_text_data_is_correct(self):
        import user_code
        row_1 = 'pandas is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series. It is free software released under the three-clause BSD license.[2] The name is derived from the term "panel data", an econometrics term for data sets that include observations over multiple time periods for the same individuals.[3] Its name is a play on the phrase "Python data analysis" itself.[4] Wes McKinney started building what would become pandas at AQR Capital while he was a researcher there from 2007 to 2010.[5]'
        row_2 = "taken from the site:"
        row_3 = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandas_(software)"
        expected_df = pd.DataFrame([row_1, row_2, row_3])

        variable = 'text_data'
        actual_df = getattr(user_code, variable, None)
        condition = False
        if actual_df is None:
            failure_message = f"The `{variable}` variable is not declared."
        elif not isinstance(actual_df, pd.DataFrame):
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is not a `DataFrame`."
        elif actual_df.empty:
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is empty."
        elif actual_df.equals(expected_df):
            condition = True
            failure_message = None
        else:
            idx, expected_row, actual_row = get_first_differing_row(expected_df, actual_df)
            failure_message = f"Expected `{variable}` to contain `{expected_row}` at row {idx}, but got `{actual_row}`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`{variable}` contains the correct data.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_first_row_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'first_row'),
            "The `first_row` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `first_row` to be declared."
        )

    def test_first_row_is_series(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.first_row, pd.Series)
            failure_message = f"Expected `first_row` to be a `Series`, but got `{type(user_code.first_row).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `first_row` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `first_row` is a `Series`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_first_row_is_correct(self):
        import user_code
        row_1 = 'pandas is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series. It is free software released under the three-clause BSD license.[2] The name is derived from the term "panel data", an econometrics term for data sets that include observations over multiple time periods for the same individuals.[3] Its name is a play on the phrase "Python data analysis" itself.[4] Wes McKinney started building what would become pandas at AQR Capital while he was a researcher there from 2007 to 2010.[5]'
        row_2 = "taken from the site:"
        row_3 = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandas_(software)"
        expected_df = pd.DataFrame([row_1, row_2, row_3])
        expected_value = expected_df.iloc[0]

        variable = 'first_row'
        actual_value = getattr(user_code, variable, None)
        if actual_value is None:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"The `{variable}` variable is not declared."
        elif isinstance(actual_value, pd.Series):
            condition = actual_value.equals(expected_value)
            if actual_value.empty:
                failure_message = f"`{variable}` is empty."
            else:
                failure_message = f"Expected `{variable}` to contain `{expected_value.values}`, but got `{actual_value.values}`."
        else:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is not a `Series`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`first_row` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

Pandas er et svært brukervennlig bibliotek for dataanalyse. Det er også utviklet for å håndtere store datasett, ved bruk av datastrukturer som DataFrame og Series. Dette gjør det til et uvurderlig verktøy innen Data Science. I denne veiledningen blir du kjent med ulike statistiske funksjoner, inkludert hvordan du finner korrelasjoner, typetall, medianer samt maksimums- og minimumsverdier i et datasett. Du lærer også hvordan du håndterer manglende verdier og manipulerer spesifikke verdier, samt hvordan du fjerner dem.

Utforsk grunnleggende konsepter i pandas-biblioteket. Lær å opprette og manipulere Series og DataFrames, undersøk deres struktur, og bygg selvtillit i å utføre essensielle dataoperasjoner.

Lær å laste inn og håndtere data fra CSV- og TXT-filer. Få praktisk erfaring med å importere datasett og klargjøre dem for videre analyse ved hjelp av pandas-verktøy.

Lær å utforske, rense og oppsummere data effektivt. Forstå hvordan man håndterer manglende verdier, trekker ut innsikt og utfører grunnleggende statistiske operasjoner med pandas.

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Awesome!

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