Summary  
This chapter covers generating a countplot to visualize the frequency of categorical data by tallying each category’s occurrences using a plotting library.

General domain of usage  
Data visualization

Een **countplot** is een grafiek die een categorische lijst neemt en kolommen weergeeft die het aantal vermeldingen voor elke categorie representeren.

# Importing the `seaborn` library
import seaborn as sns
# Importing `matplotlib.pyplot`
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Data list
data_list = ['apple', 'milk', 'milk', 'milk', 'apple', 'milk', 'milk', 'milk', 'fish']

# Creating the countplot
sns.countplot(x=data_list, palette='mako')

# Showing the plot
plt.show()

Om een countplot te initialiseren, moet je minimaal 1 parameter invoeren: `x` (de kolom waarin de waarden worden geteld).

U kunt ook `y` in plaats van `x` gebruiken om de oriëntatie van de grafiek te wijzigen.

Opmerking

Aangezien `seaborn` is gebaseerd op `matplotlib`, kunt u een speciale `matplotlib.pyplot`-bibliotheek en de functie `plt.show()` gebruiken om de grafiek weer te geven.

import unittest
import importlib
import sys
from unittest.mock import patch

# Helper function to dynamically generate test names and assertions
def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    # Test if seaborn is imported with alias sns
    def test_seaborn_import(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'sns'),
            "The `seaborn` library is imported as `sns`.",
            "Expected `seaborn` to be imported as `sns`."
        )

    # Test if matplotlib.pyplot is imported with alias plt
    def test_matplotlib_import(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'plt'),
            "The `matplotlib.pyplot` library is imported as `plt`.",
            "Expected `matplotlib.pyplot` to be imported as `plt`."
        )

    # Test if guests_list contains the correct data
    def test_guests_list_correct(self):
        import user_code
        expected_list = ['Girl', 'Boy', 'Boy', 'Boy', 'Girl', 'Boy', 'Boy', 'Boy', 'Girl', 'Boy', 'Girl', 'Girl', 'Girl', 'Girl', 'Girl', 'Girl']
        
        # Check if variable exists first
        if not hasattr(user_code, 'guests_list'):
             _dynamic_test(self, False, "", "The `guests_list` variable is not declared.")
             return

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            user_code.guests_list == expected_list,
            "The `guests_list` contains the correct data.",
            f"Expected `guests_list` to be `{expected_list}`, but got `{user_code.guests_list}`."
        )

    # Test if countplot function is used
    def test_countplot_used(self):
        # We patch seaborn.countplot to intercept the call
        with patch('seaborn.countplot') as mock_countplot:
            # We also patch plt.show to prevent the plot window from actually popping up during tests
            with patch('matplotlib.pyplot.show'):
                # Reload user_code to force the script to run again with our mocks active
                if 'user_code' in sys.modules:
                    importlib.reload(sys.modules['user_code'])
                else:
                    import user_code
        
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            mock_countplot.called,
            "The `sns.countplot()` function is used.",
            "Expected `sns.countplot()` function to be used to create the plot."
        )

    # Test if the correct argument is passed to countplot
    def test_countplot_argument(self):
        with patch('seaborn.countplot') as mock_countplot:
            with patch('matplotlib.pyplot.show'):
                if 'user_code' in sys.modules:
                    importlib.reload(sys.modules['user_code'])
                else:
                    import user_code
            
            # Check arguments passed to countplot
            # kwargs retrieves named arguments like x=...
            passed_x = None
            if mock_countplot.called:
                args, kwargs = mock_countplot.call_args
                passed_x = kwargs.get('x')

            import user_code
            # We compare the actual list object passed to the function
            condition = passed_x == user_code.guests_list

            _dynamic_test(
                self,
                condition,
                "The `sns.countplot()` uses `guests_list` for the `x` parameter.",
                "Expected `sns.countplot()` to be called with `x=guests_list`."
            )

    # Test if plt.show() is used
    def test_show_used(self):
        with patch('seaborn.countplot'):
            with patch('matplotlib.pyplot.show') as mock_show:
                if 'user_code' in sys.modules:
                    importlib.reload(sys.modules['user_code'])
                else:
                    import user_code

                _dynamic_test(
                    self,
                    mock_show.called,
                    "The `plt.show()` function is used.",
                    "Expected `plt.show()` to be used to display the plot."
                )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_code.py

Ontdek de kracht van statistische datavisualisatie die patronen en relaties onthult. Gebruik Seaborn om informatieve distributieplots, heatmaps en categorische grafieken te maken met minimale code. Leer esthetische thema's en kleurpaletten toe te passen die complexe statistische data toegankelijk en eenvoudig te interpreteren maken.

Categorische Gegevens Tellen

Oplossing

Categorische Gegevens Tellen

Oplossing