Cursusinhoud

Intermediate Python Techniques

1. Mastering Packing and Unpacking in Python

Unpacking in Python: Extracting Values from Lists and Tuples Packing in Python: Grouping Multiple Values into a Single Variable Using Packing and Unpacking for Efficient Code in Python Challenge: Mastering Dictionary Unpacking in Python Challenge: The Champions League

2. Mastering Function Arguments in Python

Python Function Arguments: Overview of Parameters and Arguments Using *args in Python: Handling Variable-Length Positional Arguments Challenge: Calculating the Average Mark with *args Using **kwargs in Python: Flexible Keyword Arguments for Dynamic Functions Challenge: Mastering **kwargs in Python Functions

3. Function as an Argument in Python

High-Order Functions in Python: Passing Functions as Arguments Lambda Functions in Python: Writing Concise and Anonymous Functions Using Python Built-in Functions

4. Understanding Variable Scope in Python

Global Variables in Python: Accessing and Modifying Global Data Local Variables in Python: Understanding Function-Level Scope Challenge: Modifying a Global Variable in Python Nested Functions in Python: Scope and Accessibility Nonlocal Variables in Python: Working with Enclosed Scopes Python Closures: Retaining State in Nested Functions Challenge: Implementing a Threshold Checker with Closures

5. Mastering Python Decorators

Introduction to Python Decorators Python Decorator Syntax: Writing and Applying Decorators Challenge: Create Your First Python Decorator Using Decorators with Parameters in Python Chaining Multiple Decorators: Advanced Function Modifications Challenge: Basic Smores Recipe Practical Examples of Python Decorator Usage in Real Applications

Nonlocal Variables in Python: Working with Enclosed Scopes

So, now we understand the difference between global and local variables and have learned about nested functions. The nonlocal variable is used in nested functions. Let's look at an example:


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def outer_function():
    outer_var = 10 

    def inner_function():
        nonlocal outer_var
        outer_var += 5
        print("Nonlocal variable in inner function:", outer_var)

    inner_function()
    print("Nonlocal variable in outer function:", outer_var)

outer_function()

Just as with global variables, we cannot change the variable created in outer_function inside inner_function without using the special keyword nonlocal.

The output is:

Nonlocal variable in inner function: 15
Nonlocal variable in outer function: 15

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