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C++ Templates

bookBasic Syntax of Templates in C++

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Creating a template is actually quite simple, and it's one of the easiest parts of using them. To start, you'll need to create either a function or a class. We will start with the function.

main.cpp

main.cpp

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void MyFirstTemplate() { }

int main()
{
	MyFirstTemplate();
}

As you can see, there is a very simple function that does nothing for now. We can easily call it inside the main function. Your task now is to turn it into a template.

template.h

template.h

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// To create a template, you need to add code above the function or class
// Start with the keyword `template` to indicate you're defining a template
//                             template
  
// Add angle brackets `<>`, this is list of the parameters for template
//                           template < >
  
// Inside of it has to be keyword `typename` and the name of it
//                      template <typename Name>

template <typename Name>
void MyFirstTemplate() { }

Now, let's make it do something, like printing a message. Go ahead and call it inside the main function to see it in action.

main.cpp

main.cpp

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#include <iostream>

template<typename Name>
void MyFirstTemplate()
{ 
    std::cout << "c<>definity" << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    MyFirstTemplate();
}

As you can see, an error occurs when you try to call it as if it were a regular function. This happens because it is no longer just a simple function. At this point, the template parameter specified inside the angle brackets after the template keyword becomes essential.

main.cpp

main.cpp

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#include <iostream>

// This essentioally creates an alias for a type you will use
template<typename Name> // In this case the name of the type is Name
void MyFirstTemplate() { std::cout << "c<>definity" << std::endl; }

int main()
{
    // In order to call the template function properly 
	// You need to specify any type inside the brackets
    MyFirstTemplate<void>();
    // This tells the template to use void as the type for Name
}
Note
Note

It doesn't matter what type you specify for this example, so you can change void to any type you want. However, specifying the type is mandatory.

For the MyFirstTemplate function template, it is not necessary to specify a name for the type parameter. You can remove Name, and everything will still work because the type parameter is not used inside the function.

question mark

What is the correct syntax for declaring a template function?

Select the correct answer

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