Schema Options and Methods

Mongoose schemas support additional configuration through schema options and custom methods. These features help you control document behavior and organize reusable logic inside your models.

Schema options are passed as a second argument when creating a schema.

Example:

const mongoose = require('mongoose');

const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema(
  {
    name: String,
    email: String
  },
  {
    timestamps: true
  }
);

In this example, the timestamps option automatically adds:

• createdAt;
• updatedAt.

These fields track when a document was created and last updated.

Adding Schema Methods

Schemas can also include custom methods. Methods allow you to attach reusable functions to documents created from the model.

Example:

userSchema.methods.getGreeting = function () {
  return `Hello, ${this.name}!`;
};

Now every document created with this schema can use the method.

Example:

const user = new User({
  name: 'Alice'
});

console.log(user.getGreeting());

Output:

Hello, Alice!

Custom methods help keep business logic organized and reusable inside your models.