Conteúdo do Curso

Python Advanced Concepts

1. Mastering Python Modules and Imports

Python Project Structure: Organizing Code for Scalability Understanding Python Modules Importing Modules in Python: Best Practices for Code Reusability Exploring Python Libraries: Built-in and Third-Party Solutions Python Standard Library: Essential Modules for Everyday Tasks Managing Python Packages

2. Mastering Error Handling in Python

Fundamentals of Error Handling in Python: Preventing Code Crashes Raising Exceptions in Python: Triggering and Managing Errors Executing Code After Exceptions: Handling Cleanup Operations Using Assertions in Python: Debugging and Ensuring Code Integrity Best Practices for Exception Handling

3. Mastering File Handling in Python

Introduction to File Handling in Python Reading and Writing Files: Handling Text and Data Efficiently Advanced File Operations: Modifying and Managing File Content Working with File Paths in Python Using Context Managers for File Handling in Python Creating Custom Context Managers Handling Binary Files in Python

4. Mastering Pytest Framework

Introduction to Testing in Python Pytest Framework: Setting Up and Running Automated Tests Using the Assert Statement in Pytest: Validating Test Conditions Test Parametrization in Pytest: Running Tests with Multiple Inputs

5. Mastering Unittest Framework

Introduction to Unittest in Python: Writing Structured Unit Tests Using Assert Methods in Unittest: Validating Test Results SetUp and TearDown in Unittest: Managing Test Environments Mocking Techniques in Unittest: Simulating Dependencies Advanced Mocking in Unittest

6. Mastering Iterators and Generators in Python

Python Iterables: Understanding Sequences and Data Structures Understanding Iterators in Python Lazy Evaluation in Python: Optimizing Memory and Performance Introduction to Generators: Yielding Values for Efficient Iteration Practical Applications of Generators: Real-World Use Cases

Python Standard Library: Essential Modules for Everyday Tasks

Python's standard (built-in) libraries are a set of modules included with every Python installation. They provide a range of functionality that allows you to add features to your programs without installing additional modules. Let's explore a few essential libraries that you'll find yourself using often.

The math Library

The math library includes functions for mathematical operations beyond basic arithmetic. It provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C standard.

Example uses:


              1234567
            
import math

# Calculating powers
print(math.pow(2, 3))  # Output: 8.0

# Finding square roots
print(math.sqrt(16))  # Output: 4.0

Here’s a list of some of the most useful functions within the math library:

Function	Description	Example
`sqrt(x)`	Computes the square root of x	sqrt(3) == 9
`pow(x, y)`	Returns x raised to the power of y	pow(2, 3) == 8
`ceil(x)`	Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x	ceil(9.2) == 10
`floor(x)`	Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x	floor(9.2) == 9
`exp(x)`	Calculates e raised to the power of x, where e is the base of natural logarithms	exp(1) == 2.72
`sin(x)`, `cos(x)`, `tan(x)`	These functions return the sine, cosine, and tangent of x, which is in radians	cos(pi) == -1.0
`radians(x)`	Converts degrees to radians	radians(pi) == 0.0548
`degrees(x)`	Converts radians to degrees	degrees(0.0548) == 3.14

The datetime Library

When you need to work with dates and times, the datetime library is your go-to solution. It can handle date transformations, time zones, and more.


              123456789
            
import datetime

# Getting today's date
today = datetime.date.today()
print(today)  # Output: YYYY-MM-DD

# Calculating a future date
future = today + datetime.timedelta(days=10)
print(future)  # Output: YYYY-MM-DD + 10 days

Other Notable Libraries

os: provides a way of using operating system dependent functionality like reading or writing to files;
sys: provides access to some variables used or maintained by the interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter;
json: for parsing JSON data into Python objects, and vice versa.


              123
            
import os

print(os.getcwd())  # Outputs the current working directory.

Tarefa

Swipe to start coding

Complete the Python code to perform specific mathematical calculations using the appropriate functions from the math library.

Import math library;
Calculate the natural logarithm of 10 and print the result;
Calculate the factorial of 5 and print the result;
Find the sine, cosine, and tangent of 30 degrees (after converting degrees to radians) and print the results;
Use both ceil and floor functions on the number 9.2 and print the results.

Solução

Congratulations! 🎉 You’ve just harnessed the power of multiple standard libraries to create a useful tool. In our next chapter, we’ll explore advanced importing techniques that will further enhance your Python prowess. Stay curious and keep coding! 🚀

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Seção 1. Capítulo 5

Python Standard Library: Essential Modules for Everyday Tasks

The math Library

The math library includes functions for mathematical operations beyond basic arithmetic. It provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C standard.

Example uses:


              1234567
            
import math

# Calculating powers
print(math.pow(2, 3))  # Output: 8.0

# Finding square roots
print(math.sqrt(16))  # Output: 4.0

Here’s a list of some of the most useful functions within the math library:

Function	Description	Example
`sqrt(x)`	Computes the square root of x	sqrt(3) == 9
`pow(x, y)`	Returns x raised to the power of y	pow(2, 3) == 8
`ceil(x)`	Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x	ceil(9.2) == 10
`floor(x)`	Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x	floor(9.2) == 9
`exp(x)`	Calculates e raised to the power of x, where e is the base of natural logarithms	exp(1) == 2.72
`sin(x)`, `cos(x)`, `tan(x)`	These functions return the sine, cosine, and tangent of x, which is in radians	cos(pi) == -1.0
`radians(x)`	Converts degrees to radians	radians(pi) == 0.0548
`degrees(x)`	Converts radians to degrees	degrees(0.0548) == 3.14

The datetime Library

When you need to work with dates and times, the datetime library is your go-to solution. It can handle date transformations, time zones, and more.


              123456789
            
import datetime

# Getting today's date
today = datetime.date.today()
print(today)  # Output: YYYY-MM-DD

# Calculating a future date
future = today + datetime.timedelta(days=10)
print(future)  # Output: YYYY-MM-DD + 10 days

Other Notable Libraries

os: provides a way of using operating system dependent functionality like reading or writing to files;
sys: provides access to some variables used or maintained by the interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter;
json: for parsing JSON data into Python objects, and vice versa.


              123
            
import os

print(os.getcwd())  # Outputs the current working directory.

Tarefa

Swipe to start coding

Complete the Python code to perform specific mathematical calculations using the appropriate functions from the math library.

Import math library;
Calculate the natural logarithm of 10 and print the result;
Calculate the factorial of 5 and print the result;
Find the sine, cosine, and tangent of 30 degrees (after converting degrees to radians) and print the results;
Use both ceil and floor functions on the number 9.2 and print the results.

Solução

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Tudo estava claro?

Obrigado pelo seu feedback!

Seção 1. Capítulo 5

Mude para o desktop para praticar no mundo realContinue de onde você está usando uma das opções abaixo