Introduction to Machine Learning for Research
Machine learning is transforming research by enabling you to analyze large datasets, find patterns, and make predictions about outcomes. In research, machine learning techniques such as classification and regression help you uncover relationships between variables and forecast future results. Classification models are used when the outcome is categorical, like predicting whether a sample belongs to group A or group B. Regression models are used when the outcome is numerical, such as predicting a measurement or score. Both approaches can be used for prediction, allowing you to estimate unknown values based on patterns learned from existing data.
123456789101112131415161718192021import pandas as pd from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression # Create a sample DataFrame data = { "hours_studied": [2, 4, 6, 8, 10], "test_score": [65, 70, 76, 88, 93] } df = pd.DataFrame(data) # Define feature and target X = df[["hours_studied"]] y = df["test_score"] # Fit linear regression model model = LinearRegression() model.fit(X, y) # Print model coefficient and intercept print("Coefficient:", model.coef_[0]) print("Intercept:", model.intercept_)
After fitting a linear regression model, you interpret the model coefficient as the expected change in the outcome variable for each unit increase in the feature, holding other variables constant. In the example above, the coefficient tells you how much the test score is expected to increase for each additional hour studied. The intercept represents the predicted outcome when the feature is zero. To assess how well the model fits the data, you use the R^2 score, which measures the proportion of variance in the outcome explained by the model. An R^2 score closer to 1 indicates a better fit.
12345678# Predict outcomes for new data new_hours = pd.DataFrame({"hours_studied": [5, 7, 9]}) predicted_scores = model.predict(new_hours) print("Predicted test scores:", predicted_scores) # Evaluate model performance with R^2 score r2 = model.score(X, y) print("R^2 score:", r2)
1. What is the purpose of a regression model in research?
2. Which scikit-learn class is used for linear regression?
3. What does the R^2 score indicate?
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Machine learning is transforming research by enabling you to analyze large datasets, find patterns, and make predictions about outcomes. In research, machine learning techniques such as classification and regression help you uncover relationships between variables and forecast future results. Classification models are used when the outcome is categorical, like predicting whether a sample belongs to group A or group B. Regression models are used when the outcome is numerical, such as predicting a measurement or score. Both approaches can be used for prediction, allowing you to estimate unknown values based on patterns learned from existing data.
123456789101112131415161718192021import pandas as pd from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression # Create a sample DataFrame data = { "hours_studied": [2, 4, 6, 8, 10], "test_score": [65, 70, 76, 88, 93] } df = pd.DataFrame(data) # Define feature and target X = df[["hours_studied"]] y = df["test_score"] # Fit linear regression model model = LinearRegression() model.fit(X, y) # Print model coefficient and intercept print("Coefficient:", model.coef_[0]) print("Intercept:", model.intercept_)
After fitting a linear regression model, you interpret the model coefficient as the expected change in the outcome variable for each unit increase in the feature, holding other variables constant. In the example above, the coefficient tells you how much the test score is expected to increase for each additional hour studied. The intercept represents the predicted outcome when the feature is zero. To assess how well the model fits the data, you use the R^2 score, which measures the proportion of variance in the outcome explained by the model. An R^2 score closer to 1 indicates a better fit.
12345678# Predict outcomes for new data new_hours = pd.DataFrame({"hours_studied": [5, 7, 9]}) predicted_scores = model.predict(new_hours) print("Predicted test scores:", predicted_scores) # Evaluate model performance with R^2 score r2 = model.score(X, y) print("R^2 score:", r2)
1. What is the purpose of a regression model in research?
2. Which scikit-learn class is used for linear regression?
3. What does the R^2 score indicate?
Obrigado pelo seu feedback!
