Aprenda Push Notifications | Firebase Integration

Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) is a powerful service that allows you to send push notifications to users on iOS, Android, and web platforms. Integrating FCM with your Flutter app enables real-time user engagement, such as alerts, reminders, or updates. To use FCM in Flutter, you rely on the firebase_messaging package, which manages the setup, message handling, and device registration for notifications. The integration process includes setting up Firebase in your project, configuring platform-specific settings, and writing code to receive and handle notifications.

main.dart


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import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:firebase_core/firebase_core.dart';
import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';

Future<void> _firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler(RemoteMessage message) async {
  await Firebase.initializeApp();
  print('Background message: [32m${message.messageId}[0m');
}

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp();
  FirebaseMessaging.onBackgroundMessage(_firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler);
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  State<MyApp> createState() => _MyAppState();
}

class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
  String? _notificationMessage = 'No notifications yet';

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _initFCM();
  }

  void _initFCM() async {
    FirebaseMessaging messaging = FirebaseMessaging.instance;

    // Request permission for iOS devices
    await messaging.requestPermission();

    // Get the device token
    String? token = await messaging.getToken();
    print('FCM Token: $token');

    // Handle foreground messages
    FirebaseMessaging.onMessage.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
      setState(() {
        _notificationMessage =
            'Foreground: [32m${message.notification?.title ?? ''}[0m - [32m${message.notification?.body ?? ''}[0m';
      });
    });

    // Handle messages when app is opened via notification
    FirebaseMessaging.onMessageOpenedApp.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
      setState(() {
        _notificationMessage =
            'Opened from notification: [32m${message.notification?.title ?? ''}[0m - [32m${message.notification?.body ?? ''}[0m';
      });
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'FCM Demo',
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Firebase Cloud Messaging')),
        body: Center(
          child: Text(
            _notificationMessage ?? '',
            textAlign: TextAlign.center,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

Firebase Cloud Messaging delivers different payloads depending on the app state. Use FirebaseMessaging.onMessage to handle notifications in the foreground, onMessageOpenedApp when the user opens the app from a notification, and a background handler for messages received while the app is closed. Access message.notification?.title and .body to show the content in your UI.

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Seção 2. Capítulo 4

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Suggested prompts:

How do I set up Firebase Cloud Messaging in my Flutter app?

Can you explain how to handle notifications in different app states?

What are the steps to configure platform-specific settings for FCM?

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main.dart


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import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:firebase_core/firebase_core.dart';
import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';

Future<void> _firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler(RemoteMessage message) async {
  await Firebase.initializeApp();
  print('Background message: [32m${message.messageId}[0m');
}

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp();
  FirebaseMessaging.onBackgroundMessage(_firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler);
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  State<MyApp> createState() => _MyAppState();
}

class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
  String? _notificationMessage = 'No notifications yet';

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _initFCM();
  }

  void _initFCM() async {
    FirebaseMessaging messaging = FirebaseMessaging.instance;

    // Request permission for iOS devices
    await messaging.requestPermission();

    // Get the device token
    String? token = await messaging.getToken();
    print('FCM Token: $token');

    // Handle foreground messages
    FirebaseMessaging.onMessage.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
      setState(() {
        _notificationMessage =
            'Foreground: [32m${message.notification?.title ?? ''}[0m - [32m${message.notification?.body ?? ''}[0m';
      });
    });

    // Handle messages when app is opened via notification
    FirebaseMessaging.onMessageOpenedApp.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
      setState(() {
        _notificationMessage =
            'Opened from notification: [32m${message.notification?.title ?? ''}[0m - [32m${message.notification?.body ?? ''}[0m';
      });
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'FCM Demo',
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Firebase Cloud Messaging')),
        body: Center(
          child: Text(
            _notificationMessage ?? '',
            textAlign: TextAlign.center,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

Tudo estava claro?

Obrigado pelo seu feedback!

Seção 2. Capítulo 4