You can also use **negative indexing** to access rows in the DataFrame. Negative indexing starts from the end of the DataFrame: index `-1` points to the last row, `-2` to the second to last, and so on.

To access the seventh row (which refers to Latvia), you can use either index **6** or **-1**.

import pandas

countries_data = {'country' : ['Thailand', 'Philippines', 'Monaco', 'Malta', 'Sweden', 'Paraguay', 'Latvia'], 'continent' : ['Asia', 'Asia', 'Europe', 'Europe', 'Europe', 'South America', 'Europe'], 'capital':['Bangkok', 'Manila', 'Monaco', 'Valletta', 'Stockholm', 'Asuncion', 'Riga']}
countries = pandas.DataFrame(countries_data)
# Accessing to the seventh row using negative indexing
print(countries.iloc[-1])

Running the above code will return the row highlighted in the image below:

import unittest
import importlib
import pandas as pd


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_audi_A1_2017_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'audi_A1_2017'),
            "The variable `audi_A1_2017` is declared.",
            "Expected `audi_A1_2017` to be declared."
        )

    def test_audi_A1_2017_is_series(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.audi_A1_2017, pd.Series)
            failure_message = f"Expected `audi_A1_2017` to be a `Series`, but got `{type(user_code.audi_A1_2017).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `audi_A1_2017` variable is not declared."
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `audi_A1_2017` is a `Series`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_audi_A1_2017_is_correct(self):
        import user_code

        cars_data = {'model': ['Audi A1', 'Audi A6', 'Audi A4', 'Audi A3', 'Audi A1'],
                     'year': [2017, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2016],
                     'fueltype': ['petrol', 'diesel', 'diesel', 'petrol', 'petrol'],
                     'price': [12500, 16500, 16800, 17300, 13900]}

        audi_cars = pd.DataFrame(cars_data)
        expected_value = audi_cars.iloc[0]

        variable = 'audi_A1_2017'
        actual_value = getattr(user_code, variable, None)
        if actual_value is None:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"The `{variable}` variable is not declared."
        elif isinstance(actual_value, pd.Series):
            condition = actual_value.equals(expected_value)
            if actual_value.empty:
                failure_message = f"`{variable}` is empty."
            else:
                failure_message = f"Expected `{variable}` to contain `{expected_value.values}`, but got `{actual_value.values}`."
        else:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is not a `Series`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`{variable}` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_audi_A1_2016_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'audi_A1_2016'),
            "The variable `audi_A1_2016` is declared.",
            "Expected `audi_A1_2016` to be declared."
        )

    def test_audi_A1_2016_is_series(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.audi_A1_2016, pd.Series)
            failure_message = f"Expected `audi_A1_2016` to be a `Series`, but got `{type(user_code.audi_A1_2016).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `audi_A1_2016` variable is not declared."
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `audi_A1_2016` is a `Series`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_audi_A1_2016_is_correct(self):
        import user_code
        cars_data = {'model': ['Audi A1', 'Audi A6', 'Audi A4', 'Audi A3', 'Audi A1'],
                     'year': [2017, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2016],
                     'fueltype': ['petrol', 'diesel', 'diesel', 'petrol', 'petrol'],
                     'price': [12500, 16500, 16800, 17300, 13900]}

        audi_cars = pd.DataFrame(cars_data)
        expected_value = audi_cars.iloc[-1]

        variable = 'audi_A1_2016'
        actual_value = getattr(user_code, variable, None)
        if actual_value is None:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"The `{variable}` variable is not declared."
        elif isinstance(actual_value, pd.Series):
            condition = actual_value.equals(expected_value)
            if actual_value.empty:
                failure_message = f"`{variable}` is empty."
            else:
                failure_message = f"Expected `{variable}` to contain `{expected_value.values}`, but got `{actual_value.values}`."
        else:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is not a `Series`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`{variable}` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_audi_A3_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'audi_A3'),
            "The variable `audi_A3` is declared.",
            "Expected `audi_A3` to be declared."
        )

    def test_audi_A3_is_series(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.audi_A3, pd.Series)
            failure_message = f"Expected `audi_A3` to be a `Series`, but got `{type(user_code.audi_A3).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `audi_A3` variable is not declared."
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `audi_A3` is a `Series`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_audi_A3_is_correct(self):
        import user_code

        cars_data = {'model': ['Audi A1', 'Audi A6', 'Audi A4', 'Audi A3', 'Audi A1'],
                     'year': [2017, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2016],
                     'fueltype': ['petrol', 'diesel', 'diesel', 'petrol', 'petrol'],
                     'price': [12500, 16500, 16800, 17300, 13900]}

        audi_cars = pd.DataFrame(cars_data)
        expected_value = audi_cars.iloc[3]

        variable = 'audi_A3'
        actual_value = getattr(user_code, variable, None)
        if actual_value is None:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"The `{variable}` variable is not declared."
        elif isinstance(actual_value, pd.Series):
            condition = actual_value.equals(expected_value)
            if actual_value.empty:
                failure_message = f"`{variable}` is empty."
            else:
                failure_message = f"Expected `{variable}` to contain `{expected_value.values}`, but got `{actual_value.values}`."
        else:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is not a `Series`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`{variable}` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

Build practical data manipulation skills using pandas. Learn to work with Series and DataFrames, read and explore datasets, select and filter data, perform aggregations, reshape tables, combine multiple DataFrames, and prepare data for analysis.

Challenge: Using iloc[]

Lösning