Nonlocal Variables in Python: Working with Enclosed Scopes

So, now we understand the difference between global and local variables and have learned about nested functions. The nonlocal variable is used in nested functions. Let's look at an example:

def outer_function():

outer_var = 10

def inner_function():

nonlocal outer_var

outer_var += 5

print("Nonlocal variable in inner function:", outer_var)

inner_function()

print("Nonlocal variable in outer function:", outer_var)

outer_function()


              123456789101112
            
def outer_function():
    outer_var = 10 

    def inner_function():
        nonlocal outer_var
        outer_var += 5
        print("Nonlocal variable in inner function:", outer_var)

    inner_function()
    print("Nonlocal variable in outer function:", outer_var)

outer_function()

Just as with global variables, we cannot change the variable created in outer_function inside inner_function without using the special keyword nonlocal.

The output is:


python
9
1
2
3
Nonlocal variable in inner function: 15
Nonlocal variable in outer function: 15

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