Lära Fuzzy Sets | From Crisp Logic to Fuzzy Thinking

Fuzzy sets offer a powerful way to handle situations where boundaries are not clear-cut. Unlike crisp sets, which strictly classify elements as either inside or outside the set, fuzzy sets allow each element to have a degree of membership. This degree is a value between 0 and 1, representing how strongly an element belongs to the set. For instance, in a fuzzy set representing tall people, someone who is 6 feet tall might have a membership degree of 0.8, while someone who is 5.5 feet tall might have a degree of 0.4. This approach enables you to capture the gradual transition between categories and better reflect real-world vagueness.


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import numpy as np

# Define a universe of discourse: heights from 150 cm to 200 cm
heights = np.arange(150, 201, 1)

# Define a fuzzy set for "tall" using a simple linear membership function
def tall_membership(height):
    if height <= 160:
        return 0.0
    elif 160 < height < 190:
        return (height - 160) / (190 - 160)
    else:
        return 1.0

# Compute membership degrees for each height
tall_degrees = np.array([tall_membership(h) for h in heights])

# Print sample results
for h, d in zip(heights[::10], tall_degrees[::10]):
    print(f"Height: {h} cm, Membership in 'tall': {d:.2f}")

The fuzzy set constructed above illustrates how membership values can smoothly increase from 0 to 1 as height increases. Unlike crisp sets, which would abruptly classify someone as either "tall" or "not tall," the fuzzy set assigns intermediate values, allowing for nuanced distinctions. This gradual transition is essential for reasoning under vagueness, as it mirrors how people naturally perceive categories that lack sharp boundaries. By assigning degrees of membership, fuzzy sets enable you to model concepts that are inherently ambiguous and make decisions that reflect real-world uncertainty.

The move from crisp to fuzzy thinking represents a fundamental shift in how you approach problems involving uncertainty and imprecision. Fuzzy sets provide a flexible framework for modeling and reasoning about concepts that do not fit neatly into binary categories. This shift is significant because it allows you to build systems that can handle ambiguity, make more human-like decisions, and address complex, real-world scenarios where traditional logic falls short.

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Avsnitt 1. Kapitel 3

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              1234567891011121314151617181920
            
import numpy as np

# Define a universe of discourse: heights from 150 cm to 200 cm
heights = np.arange(150, 201, 1)

# Define a fuzzy set for "tall" using a simple linear membership function
def tall_membership(height):
    if height <= 160:
        return 0.0
    elif 160 < height < 190:
        return (height - 160) / (190 - 160)
    else:
        return 1.0

# Compute membership degrees for each height
tall_degrees = np.array([tall_membership(h) for h in heights])

# Print sample results
for h, d in zip(heights[::10], tall_degrees[::10]):
    print(f"Height: {h} cm, Membership in 'tall': {d:.2f}")

Var allt tydligt?

Tack för dina kommentarer!

Avsnitt 1. Kapitel 3