Single-Threading

Single-threading means that the program executes tasks one after another. Only one instruction is executed at any given time, and the other instructions wait for their turn.

Imagine a person who can only do one thing at a time: either read a book or eat a sandwich, but not at the same time.

Multithreading

Multithreading, on the other hand, allows a program to perform tasks simultaneously. Multiple instructions can be executed in parallel, in different threads.

Imagine the same person but with two hands: now he can read a book with one hand and eat a sandwich with the other hand.

Benefits of Multi-threading:

• Improved responsiveness : A multithreaded application can appear more responsive than a single-threaded application because it can simultaneously process user input and perform other tasks;

• Improved performance : A multithreaded application can take advantage of multi-core processors by distributing tasks across multiple cores;

• Efficient resource utilization : Multithreading can help utilize system resources such as memory and CPU time more efficiently .

Disadvantages of Multithreading:

• Complexity : Multithreaded programming can be more complex than single-threaded programming because multiple threads must be coordinated and conflicts must be avoided;

• Errors : Multithreaded programs may experience errors related to synchronization and access to shared resources ;

• System load : Multithreaded applications can put additional load on the system, especially if they are not optimized .