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Spring Boot Backend
Spring Boot Backend
Add the Database to Our Application
In the previous chapter, we covered what JPA and Hibernate are. In this chapter, we will integrate a database into our application and try performing CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete).
Example of Working With a Database:
Model Customization
The first thing we need to do is annotate the model so that Hibernate can work with it and understand which table it belongs to.
Book
@Getter @Setter @Entity(name = "book") @Table(name = "book") public class Book { private String id; private String name; private String author; private String price; }
In the @Entity(name = "books") annotation, the name parameter allows you to specify the name of the entity, which defaults to the name of the class.
The @Table annotation is used to specify specific settings for the table associated with the entity.
In our case, this table is created through migrations, so we do not need to create it manually.
We also need our entity to automatically generate an ID to assign it a unique value in the database. To achieve this, we can use the @Id annotation on the field that represents our ID, along with the @GeneratedValue annotation.
The annotations @Id and @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.UUID) specify that the id field is a primary key that is automatically generated in UUID format.
This ensures unique string identifiers for each record in the table, which is beneficial for distributed systems and guarantees global uniqueness of the identifiers. UUID are stored as strings.
Adding the Repository
Currently, our repository simulates a database by storing all entities in a List. But what if I told you that using a real database is actually much easier!
To interact with a real database, we can use the JpaRepository interface, which provides a wide range of built-in methods for working with data.
BookRepository
@Repository public interface BookRepository extends JpaRepository<Book, String> { // JpaRepository already provides methods for CRUD operations }
In JpaRepository<Book, String>, we pass two parameters: Book, which represents the entity type that the repository will work with, and String, which is the data type of the primary key (ID) for the Book entity.
And that’s all we need! Now we have a fully functional repository!
JpaRepository Main Methods
Creating Custom SQL Queries
Spring Data JPA can automatically generate queries if the method is named according to a pattern that aligns with the data structure. This is done using specific keywords that indicate how the query should be constructed.
Short Summary of the Video
This method automatically generates an SQL query that searches for all books by the specified author. The generated query will look like this:
How it Works
The method name findBookByAuthor(String author) is constructed as follows: it starts with the prefix findBook, indicating that the method performs a search. Next comes ByAuthor, which represents the field in the Book entity that will be used for the search.
When this method is called, Spring Data JPA automatically generates a query that searches for records where the author field matches the provided parameter.
Generating SQL Queries with the @Query
The @Query annotation in Spring Data JPA allows you to use both JPQL and native SQL, providing flexibility in choosing the appropriate approach.
JPQL
JPQL (Java Persistence Query Language) works with objects and their properties.
This query searches for all Book objects where the author field matches the provided value. JPQL is more abstract and reflects the data model structure.
Native SQL
Native SQL directly interacts with database tables.
In this case, the query operates on the book table, allowing the use of specific SQL functions and optimizations.
Choosing an Approach
If you need a simple query that aligns with the data model, use JPQL. If a complex query or database-specific functions are required, choose native SQL.
Thus, @Query provides the flexibility to easily switch between the two approaches based on your needs.
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