DTOs and Domain Models
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When building Flutter apps that interact with REST APIs, you often receive data in the form of raw JSON. However, letting your UI code depend directly on this JSON, or even on data transfer objects (DTOs) that mirror the API, is risky and limiting. Instead, you should introduce two layers: DTOs and domain models.
A DTO (Data Transfer Object) is a simple class that represents the data structure exactly as it comes from the API. It is designed for serialization and deserialization, making it easy to convert between Dart objects and JSON. DTOs are often tightly coupled to the API contract and may include nullable fields, naming conventions, or types that match the backend.
A domain model represents the core concepts and business logic of your app, independent of how the data is fetched or stored. Domain models are what your UI and business logic should use. They are shaped according to your app’s needs, not the backend’s structure. By mapping DTOs to domain models, you shield your app from backend changes and keep your UI logic clean and focused.
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By separating DTOs from domain models, you gain important flexibility. Your UI and business logic can work with clean, well-defined models that fit your app's needs, rather than being forced to match the backend's data structure. If the API changes, you only need to update the DTO and mapping layer, not your entire app.
This also lets you add computed fields, validation, or transformations in the mapping step.
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