IP Addresses, Ports, and Protocols
Understanding how devices communicate over a network starts with three core concepts: IP addresses, ports, and protocols. An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device on a network, much like a street address for your home. This address allows data to be sent to the right place. A port is a numerical label attached to a specific process or service on a device, helping the device know which application should handle the incoming data. For example, web servers commonly use port 80 for HTTP traffic. Protocols are sets of agreed-upon rules that define how data is transmitted and received. Without protocols, devices would not understand each other, making reliable communication impossible. Protocols ensure that messages are packaged, sent, and interpreted consistently across different systems.
12345import socket hostname = "www.python.org" ip_address = socket.gethostbyname(hostname) print(f"The IP address of {hostname} is {ip_address}")
In this code, you use Python's socket library to translate a human-readable hostname into its corresponding IP address. This process is called hostname resolution, and it is a fundamental step in network communication. Before any data can be sent between devices, you need to know the exact IP address of the destination. Resolving hostnames to IP addresses allows your programs to connect to remote servers using friendly names rather than numeric addresses, making network communication both practical and reliable.
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Understanding how devices communicate over a network starts with three core concepts: IP addresses, ports, and protocols. An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device on a network, much like a street address for your home. This address allows data to be sent to the right place. A port is a numerical label attached to a specific process or service on a device, helping the device know which application should handle the incoming data. For example, web servers commonly use port 80 for HTTP traffic. Protocols are sets of agreed-upon rules that define how data is transmitted and received. Without protocols, devices would not understand each other, making reliable communication impossible. Protocols ensure that messages are packaged, sent, and interpreted consistently across different systems.
12345import socket hostname = "www.python.org" ip_address = socket.gethostbyname(hostname) print(f"The IP address of {hostname} is {ip_address}")
In this code, you use Python's socket library to translate a human-readable hostname into its corresponding IP address. This process is called hostname resolution, and it is a fundamental step in network communication. Before any data can be sent between devices, you need to know the exact IP address of the destination. Resolving hostnames to IP addresses allows your programs to connect to remote servers using friendly names rather than numeric addresses, making network communication both practical and reliable.
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