When building interfaces with MUI, accessibility is essential for ensuring your application can be used by everyone, including users who rely on assistive technologies. One way to enhance accessibility is by adding ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes to MUI components. These attributes provide additional information to screen readers, helping users understand the purpose and state of UI elements. For example, when you use a Button that triggers a dialog, you can add aria-haspopup="dialog" and aria-controls to clarify its function.

Managing keyboard navigation and focus is another critical aspect of accessibility in MUI apps. MUI components are designed to be keyboard accessible by default, but you should always verify that all interactive elements can be reached and operated using the keyboard. This means users should be able to use the Tab key to move through buttons, links, and form fields, and that focus indicators are visible so users know which element is active. MUI also provides props like autoFocus and supports the tabIndex attribute for fine-tuning focus behavior. Ensuring correct focus management is especially important when opening dialogs or menus, so keyboard users do not lose their place in the interface.

To build accessible React applications with MUI, follow these best practices:

• Use semantic HTML elements whenever possible;
• Add ARIA attributes only when necessary, and avoid redundant or conflicting roles;
• Ensure all interactive elements are accessible via keyboard, and never remove visible focus outlines;
• Provide clear labels and instructions for form fields using label, aria-label, or aria-labelledby;
• Test your application with screen readers and keyboard navigation to identify and fix potential issues;
• Keep color contrast high enough for readability, and never use color as the only means of conveying information. By following these guidelines, you create interfaces that are usable by a wider audience and meet accessibility standards.