Summary  
This chapter demonstrates how to use the `insert()` method to add an element at a specific index in a list, causing existing elements to shift. It also notes that only one element can be inserted at a time.

General domain of usage  
Travel planning

What if we want to add an item not at the end of the list, but at a specific position? For this purpose, we use the `insert()` method.

The syntax for the `insert()` method is:
``` python
list.insert(index, element)
```
- `index`: the position in the list where you want to add the new element. Remember, Python uses **zero-based** indexing;
- `element`: the item you want to insert into the list.

Imagine planning a trip and having a list of cities you want to visit.

travel_wishlist = ["Paris", "Oslo", "Kyoto", "Sydney"]

print(travel_wishlist)  # Output: ['Paris', 'Oslo', 'Kyoto', 'Sydney']

However, your plans change, and you decide to adjust the order of destinations.
Now, you want to prioritize "Chicago" as the first destination.

travel_wishlist = ["Paris", "Oslo", "Kyoto", "Sydney"]

# Adding "Rome" as the first destination
travel_wishlist.insert(0, "Chicago")
print(travel_wishlist)  # Output: ['Chicago', 'Paris', 'Oslo', 'Kyoto', 'Sydney']

After this, "Chicago" takes the `0` index. It's now at the top, and the rest of the items have shifted down. So, we now have 5 items:





> Note
>
> With the `insert()` function, you can add **only one** item at once.

import unittest
from contextlib import redirect_stdout
import io
import importlib

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_travel_wishlist_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'travel_wishlist'),
            "The `travel_wishlist` list is declared.",
            "Expected `travel_wishlist` to be declared."
        )

    def test_cities_prioritized_correctly(self):
        import user_code
        expected_list = ["London", "Paris", "Budapest", "Oslo", "Kyoto", "Sydney"]
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            user_code.travel_wishlist == expected_list,
            f"The cities were prioritized correctly: {user_code.travel_wishlist}.",
            f"Expected travel_wishlist to be {expected_list}, but got {user_code.travel_wishlist}."
        )

    def test_insert_method_used(self):
        with open('user_code.py', 'r') as file:
            user_code_source = file.read()
        
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            ".insert(" in user_code_source,
            "The `insert` method is used to prioritize cities.",
            "Expected the `insert` method to be used to prioritize cities."
        )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()


test_main.py

In this course, you'll get to know the fundamental data structures of the Python programming language. We'll explore utilizing Python's native data structures like lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets to tackle different challenges.

What is a list? A list is an ordered collection that can be modified. It also allows for duplicate elements.

What is a dictionary? A dictionary is an ordered collection that can be changed, but it doesn't allow duplicate entries. It consists of `key:value` pairs, which are used to optimize its structure.

What is a tuple? A tuple is an ordered collection that cannot be altered. It can have duplicate elements. While it's similar to a list, the values in a tuple can be of any type and are indexed by integers. Although not mandatory, it's common to enclose the values of a tuple in parentheses, making them easier to understand in Python.

What is a set? In Python, a `set` is an unordered collection that is both `iterable` and `mutable`, with no repeated elements. While the order of items in a set isn't fixed, it can include a variety of elements. A key benefit of using sets over lists is their highly efficient method for determining if an element exists within the set.

Using the insert() Method: Placing Elements at Specific Positions

Solution

Awesome!

Using the insert() Method: Placing Elements at Specific Positions

Solution

Awesome!