Summary  
This chapter explains how to use the pop() method on dictionaries to remove a key-value pair while returning its value, and highlights that attempting to pop a missing key raises a KeyError.  

General domain of usage  
Inventory management

The `pop()` method in Python dictionaries allows you to remove a key-value pair based on its key and returns the corresponding value. This method is particularly useful when you need to extract and process a value while simultaneously removing it from the dictionary.

The syntax is:

```python
dictionary.pop(key)
```

book = {
    "title": "Pride and Prejudice",
    "author": "Jane Austen",
    "year": 1813,
    "copies": 5
}

# Remove the 'copies' key and retrieve its value
removed_copies = book.pop("copies")

print("Updated dictionary:", book)
print("Removed value:", removed_copies)

If the key does not exist in the dictionary, Python raises a `KeyError` exception.

book = {
    "title": "Pride and Prejudice",
    "author": "Jane Austen",
    "year": 1813
}

# Attempting to remove a non-existent key
removed_genre = book.pop("genre")

import unittest
import importlib

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_authors_books_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'authors_books'),
            "The `authors_books` dictionary is declared.",
            "Expected `authors_books` to be declared."
        )

    def test_authors_books_is_dict(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            isinstance(user_code.authors_books, dict),
            "The `authors_books` is of type `dict`.",
            "Expected `authors_books` to be of type `dict`."
        )

    def test_kings_books_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'kings_books'),
            "The variable `kings_books` is declared.",
            "Expected `kings_books` to be declared."
        )

    def test_kings_books_is_list(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            isinstance(user_code.kings_books, list),
            "The `kings_books` is of type `list`.",
            "Expected `kings_books` to be of type `list`."
        )

    def test_kings_books_contains_correct_titles(self):
        import user_code
        expected_books = ['It', 'The Shining', 'Carrie', 'Misery']
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            set(user_code.kings_books) == set(expected_books),
            "The `kings_books` list contains the correct books.",
            f"Expected `kings_books` to contain {expected_books}, but got {user_code.kings_books}."
        )

    def test_stephen_king_removed_from_authors_books(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            'Stephen King' not in user_code.authors_books,
            "The key `Stephen King` is successfully removed from `authors_books`.",
            "Expected `Stephen King` to be removed from `authors_books`."
        )

    def test_other_authors_exist(self):
        import user_code
        expected_authors = {
            'William Shakespeare', 'J.K. Rowling', 'George Orwell', 'Agatha Christie'
        }
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            expected_authors.issubset(set(user_code.authors_books.keys())),
            "Other authors are still present in `authors_books`.",
            "Some expected authors are missing from `authors_books`."
        )

    def test_pop_method_used(self):
        with open('user_code.py', 'r') as file:
            user_code_source = file.read()
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            "pop" in user_code_source,
            "The `pop()` method is used.",
            "Expected the `pop()` method to be used."
        )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

Explore the fundamental data structures of the Python programming language, including lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, and learn how to apply them effectively to solve real-world programming challenges.

What is a list? A list is an ordered collection that can be modified. It also allows for duplicate elements.

What is a dictionary? A dictionary is an ordered collection that can be changed, but it doesn't allow duplicate entries. It consists of key:value pairs, which are used to optimize its structure.

What is a tuple? A tuple is an ordered collection that cannot be altered. It can have duplicate elements. While it's similar to a list, the values in a tuple can be of any type and are indexed by integers. Although not mandatory, it's common to enclose the values of a tuple in parentheses, making them easier to understand in Python.

What is a set? In Python, a set is an unordered collection that is both iterable and mutable, with no repeated elements. While the order of items in a set isn't fixed, it can include a variety of elements. A key benefit of using sets over lists is their highly efficient method for determining if an element exists within the set.

Using the pop() Method: Deleting Elements with Return Values

Solution