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Python Advanced Concepts
course content

Course Content

Python Advanced Concepts

Python Advanced Concepts

1. Modules and Imports
Python Project StructureUnderstanding ModulesImport StatementsUnderstanding Libraries in PythonExploring Standard LibrariesPackage Management
2. Error Handling
Basics of Error HandlingRaising ExceptionsHandling Code After ExceptionsUsing AssertionsBest Practices in Exception Handling
3. File Handling
Introduction to File HandlingReading and Writing FilesAdvanced File OperationsWorking with File PathsContext ManagersCustom Context ManagersHandling Binary Files
4. Pytest Framework
Introduction to Testing in PythonPytest FrameworkAssert StatementTest Parametrization
5. Unittest Framework
Introduction to UnittestAssert MethodsSetUp and TearDown StepsMocking TechniqueMocking in Details

bookBest Practices in Exception Handling

The 'as' Keyword in Exceptions

The as keyword is used in exception handling to capture an instance of the exception. This is useful for obtaining more details about the error and can be particularly helpful for logging or responding to the error in a more informed way.


              
1234

            
try:
    x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print(f"Caught an exception: {e}")
copy

What is Traceback?

A traceback provides details about the actual path taken by the execution of a program up to the point where the exception occurred. It includes the function calls made in your program and the line numbers in your code files where these calls were made. Tracebacks are vital for debugging errors in development and production environments.

Good Practices in Exception Handling

1. Catching Too General Exceptions

Catching too general exceptions can obscure the root cause of errors, making debugging difficult and potentially masking other issues that require specific handling, thereby reducing the reliability and maintainability of the software.

2. Catch and Re-Raise Exception

If you need to perform an operation when an exception occurs but still want the exception to bubble up.

Note

The functions log_error(e) and print(e) both display the full traceback of an error, which can be helpful during development. However, in a production environment, showing complete tracebacks can expose the application to vulnerabilities, as they often contain sensitive information.

3. Exception Performance

Avoid overusing try-except blocks in your code, as excessive use can slow down your program. Only implement them when they serve a functional purpose. Using an if statement is generally faster and more efficient.

Task

Refactor the following Python script to improve its exception handling based on the best practices discussed.

  • The code includes a check to ensure the data list is not empty before proceeding, using a ValueError.
  • The refactored code catches specific exceptions (ZeroDivisionError, TypeError, IndexError) instead of using a blanket except clause.
  • Each exception type has a custom error message that provides more context about what went wrong.

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Section 2. Chapter 5
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bookBest Practices in Exception Handling

The 'as' Keyword in Exceptions

The as keyword is used in exception handling to capture an instance of the exception. This is useful for obtaining more details about the error and can be particularly helpful for logging or responding to the error in a more informed way.


              
1234

            
try:
    x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print(f"Caught an exception: {e}")
copy

What is Traceback?

A traceback provides details about the actual path taken by the execution of a program up to the point where the exception occurred. It includes the function calls made in your program and the line numbers in your code files where these calls were made. Tracebacks are vital for debugging errors in development and production environments.

Good Practices in Exception Handling

1. Catching Too General Exceptions

Catching too general exceptions can obscure the root cause of errors, making debugging difficult and potentially masking other issues that require specific handling, thereby reducing the reliability and maintainability of the software.

2. Catch and Re-Raise Exception

If you need to perform an operation when an exception occurs but still want the exception to bubble up.

Note

The functions log_error(e) and print(e) both display the full traceback of an error, which can be helpful during development. However, in a production environment, showing complete tracebacks can expose the application to vulnerabilities, as they often contain sensitive information.

3. Exception Performance

Avoid overusing try-except blocks in your code, as excessive use can slow down your program. Only implement them when they serve a functional purpose. Using an if statement is generally faster and more efficient.

Task

Refactor the following Python script to improve its exception handling based on the best practices discussed.

  • The code includes a check to ensure the data list is not empty before proceeding, using a ValueError.
  • The refactored code catches specific exceptions (ZeroDivisionError, TypeError, IndexError) instead of using a blanket except clause.
  • Each exception type has a custom error message that provides more context about what went wrong.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Everything was clear?

How can we improve it?

Thanks for your feedback!

Section 2. Chapter 5
toggle bottom row

bookBest Practices in Exception Handling

The 'as' Keyword in Exceptions

The as keyword is used in exception handling to capture an instance of the exception. This is useful for obtaining more details about the error and can be particularly helpful for logging or responding to the error in a more informed way.


              
1234

            
try:
    x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print(f"Caught an exception: {e}")
copy

What is Traceback?

A traceback provides details about the actual path taken by the execution of a program up to the point where the exception occurred. It includes the function calls made in your program and the line numbers in your code files where these calls were made. Tracebacks are vital for debugging errors in development and production environments.

Good Practices in Exception Handling

1. Catching Too General Exceptions

Catching too general exceptions can obscure the root cause of errors, making debugging difficult and potentially masking other issues that require specific handling, thereby reducing the reliability and maintainability of the software.

2. Catch and Re-Raise Exception

If you need to perform an operation when an exception occurs but still want the exception to bubble up.

Note

The functions log_error(e) and print(e) both display the full traceback of an error, which can be helpful during development. However, in a production environment, showing complete tracebacks can expose the application to vulnerabilities, as they often contain sensitive information.

3. Exception Performance

Avoid overusing try-except blocks in your code, as excessive use can slow down your program. Only implement them when they serve a functional purpose. Using an if statement is generally faster and more efficient.

Task

Refactor the following Python script to improve its exception handling based on the best practices discussed.

  • The code includes a check to ensure the data list is not empty before proceeding, using a ValueError.
  • The refactored code catches specific exceptions (ZeroDivisionError, TypeError, IndexError) instead of using a blanket except clause.
  • Each exception type has a custom error message that provides more context about what went wrong.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Everything was clear?

How can we improve it?

Thanks for your feedback!

The 'as' Keyword in Exceptions

The as keyword is used in exception handling to capture an instance of the exception. This is useful for obtaining more details about the error and can be particularly helpful for logging or responding to the error in a more informed way.


              
1234

            
try:
    x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print(f"Caught an exception: {e}")
copy

What is Traceback?

A traceback provides details about the actual path taken by the execution of a program up to the point where the exception occurred. It includes the function calls made in your program and the line numbers in your code files where these calls were made. Tracebacks are vital for debugging errors in development and production environments.

Good Practices in Exception Handling

1. Catching Too General Exceptions

Catching too general exceptions can obscure the root cause of errors, making debugging difficult and potentially masking other issues that require specific handling, thereby reducing the reliability and maintainability of the software.

2. Catch and Re-Raise Exception

If you need to perform an operation when an exception occurs but still want the exception to bubble up.

Note

The functions log_error(e) and print(e) both display the full traceback of an error, which can be helpful during development. However, in a production environment, showing complete tracebacks can expose the application to vulnerabilities, as they often contain sensitive information.

3. Exception Performance

Avoid overusing try-except blocks in your code, as excessive use can slow down your program. Only implement them when they serve a functional purpose. Using an if statement is generally faster and more efficient.

Task

Refactor the following Python script to improve its exception handling based on the best practices discussed.

  • The code includes a check to ensure the data list is not empty before proceeding, using a ValueError.
  • The refactored code catches specific exceptions (ZeroDivisionError, TypeError, IndexError) instead of using a blanket except clause.
  • Each exception type has a custom error message that provides more context about what went wrong.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Section 2. Chapter 5
Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
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