Indeed, while you can directly create integers in R by appending L to a number, converting existing values to integers requires a different approach, as merely appending L will cause an error, as shown in your example.

Certainly, that did not achieve the intended result.

R simplifies the conversion process with a set of straightforward functions that include as.double(), as.integer(), and as.complex(). The function names are quite self-explanatory!

Numerical types follow a sort of 'hierarchy' where each integer can be converted to a double or a complex number, and each double can become a complex number. However, you cannot convert complex numbers to either double or integer unless the imaginary part is zero. Converting a double to an integer will result in truncation, not rounding, of the number to its integer component.

Give these functions a try!