Exponentiation is one more important math operation implemented into base R functionality.

This math operation is an essential operation in calculating compound interests used in loans/deposits.

To raise the number `a` to the power `n` in R, use the `a^n` syntax. Or, if you have ever learned Python, you may also use the `**` operator (`a**n`). For example, we can calculate the number of possible outcomes of throwing three dice. According to combinatorics, the number of possible outcomes is the number of results of rolling one die (these are 6) raised to the third power.

In the first section, you will consider the very basics of R - outputting and performing basic operations. You will finish the section with the variables theory.

In the second section, you will learn the vector class in R, which represents single values too. You will consider the main data types for single values and how to work with multiple values of a kind at once.

Factors (or categorical variables) are widely used in real life. These are blood types, currencies, nationalities, brands, etc. Unlike numerical variables, factors are limited to a finite number of values.