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C++ Data Types
course content

Course Content

C++ Data Types

C++ Data Types

1. Introduction
OverviewArithmetic OperationsDivision int and doubleStandard MathSpecifying a Type
2. Numerical Data Types
Overview of Integer TypesApplications of Integer TypesType Modifiers for VariablesWorking with Floating-Point NumbersDouble-Precision Numbers
3. Text Data Type
Character Data TypeString Data TypeAccessing and Manipulating String ElementsCommon String MethodsString Manipulation PracticeSearching Within Strings
4. Other Data Types and Concepts
Boolean Data TypeBoolean ExpressionsVoid Data TypeAutomatic Type DeductionUnsigned Data TypesImplicit Type ConversionExplicit Type Conversion

book
Standard Math

In addition to the +, -, *, /, and % operations, we can perform many more mathematical operations using functions from the <cmath> library. Here is a table of the most used ones:

All of this is part of the standard math library. To use it, you need to include the appropriate header file. You can do this by including either cmath or math.h.

h

include

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#include <cmath>
// OR
#include <math.h>

The main difference between cmath and math.h lies in their purpose and usage. cmath is part of the C++ standard library, designed specifically for C++ and requiring the std namespace (e.g., std::sqrt()), while math.h comes from the C standard library, uses the global namespace (e.g., sqrt()), and is compatible with C++.

cpp

main

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#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "cos(0) = "     << cos(0)      << std::endl;
    std::cout << "sin(0) = "     << sin(0)      << std::endl;
    std::cout << "tan(pi/4) = "  << tan(M_PI/4) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "exp(1) = "     << exp(1)      << std::endl;
    std::cout << "log(e) = "     << log(M_E)    << std::endl;
    std::cout << "pow(2, 3) = "  << pow(2, 3)   << std::endl;
    std::cout << "sqrt(4) = "    << sqrt(4)     << std::endl;
    std::cout << "cbrt(8) = "    << cbrt(8)     << std::endl;
    std::cout << "ceil(7.8) = "  << ceil(7.8)   << std::endl;
    std::cout << "floor(7.8) = " << floor(7.8)  << std::endl;
    std::cout << "round(7.8) = " << round(7.8)  << std::endl;
}

Note

Constants M_PI and M_E for value of π (3.1415...) and e (2.7183...) are also defined in the <cmath> library.

question mark

Which of the following is the most appropriate way to include the math library in a C++ program?

Select the correct answer

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Section 1. Chapter 4
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