In addition to the `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, and `%` operations, we can perform many more mathematical operations using functions from the `<cmath>` library.  
Here is a table of the most used ones:
|**Function**|**Description**|**Additional info**|
|-|-|-|
|`cos(x)`|Returns the cosinus of `x`| `x` is specified in radians|
|`sin(x)`|Returns the sinus of `x`| `x` is specified in radians|
|`tan(x)`|Returns the tangens of `x`| `x` is specified in radians|
|`exp(x)`|Returns the exponent of `x`| returns eˣ|
|`log(x)`|Returns the **natural** logarithm of `x`||
|`pow(x, a)`|Returns `x` to the power of `a`||
|`sqrt(x)`|Returns the square root of `x`||
|`cbrt(x)`|Returns the cubic root of `x`||
|`ceil(x)`|Rounds `x` up|Example: `ceil(5.2)` is 6|
|`floor(x)`|Rounds `x` down|Example: `ceil(5.2)` is 5|
|`round(x)`|Rounds `x` to nearest |Example: `round(5.2)` is 5|


Don't forget to include the library using the following line:
```cpp
#include <cmath> 
```
Here is an example of using each of the functions mentioned above:

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> Note
>
> In the preceding code, we used constants `M_PI` and `M_E` for value of **π** (3.1415...) and **e** (2.7183..).  
They are also defined in the `<cmath>` library. 

short, int, long, float, double, etc. are all numerical data types in C++. In this section, you will learn about all of them as well as the pitfalls they may conceal.

This section will guide you on char and string data types to work with text in C++. You will learn many handy string methods to make using strings easier.

This section focuses on the bool data type, the use of void and auto, and covers type conversion, which is frequently used in C++.

Function	Description	Additional info
`cos(x)`	Returns the cosinus of `x`	`x` is specified in radians
`sin(x)`	Returns the sinus of `x`	`x` is specified in radians
`tan(x)`	Returns the tangens of `x`	`x` is specified in radians
`exp(x)`	Returns the exponent of `x`	returns eˣ
`log(x)`	Returns the natural logarithm of `x`
`pow(x, a)`	Returns `x` to the power of `a`
`sqrt(x)`	Returns the square root of `x`
`cbrt(x)`	Returns the cubic root of `x`
`ceil(x)`	Rounds `x` up	Example: `ceil(5.2)` is 6
`floor(x)`	Rounds `x` down	Example: `ceil(5.2)` is 5
`round(x)`	Rounds `x` to nearest	Example: `round(5.2)` is 5

C++ Data Types

Math in C++