Summary  
This chapter explains how to define and use instance variables for data unique to each object versus class variables for data shared across all instances, and shows how changes to each type affect object state.  

General domain of usage  
Object-oriented data modeling

When working with Python classes, understanding the two main types of variables is essential. **Instance variables** belong to individual objects created from a class, holding data unique to each instance. **Class variables** are shared across all instances of the class, storing data that is common to every object.

What is the main difference between instance variables and class variables?

Learn how to build clean, secure, and scalable applications with Object-Oriented Programming in Python. Cover the fundamentals of classes and objects, then moves into advanced concepts such as inheritance, composition, polymorphism, and encapsulation. With clear explanations and practical examples, you'll develop the ability to design Python programs that are powerful, maintainable, and ready for real-world use.

Learn the core building blocks of object-oriented programming in Python. This section covers classes, objects, methods, and variables, giving you a solid base to understand how OOP organizes and structures code.

Explore how classes can share and extend functionality. You'll learn different inheritance patterns, from simple hierarchies to multiple inheritance and abstract classes, and see how they enable code reuse and scalability.

Discover how to build flexible systems by combining objects. Instead of relying only on inheritance, you'll see how composition lets you assemble behaviors in a modular, adaptable way.

Understand how different objects can share a common interface while behaving in their own way. This section shows how method overriding, interfaces, and protocols make your code more dynamic and reusable.

Learn how to safeguard internal data and control access to class attributes. You'll explore private attributes, getters and setters, and data-hiding techniques that keep your classes secure and maintainable.

Instance and Class Variables

Awesome!

Instance and Class Variables