Composition focuses on building complex objects by combining simpler, independent components.

Instead of relying on inheritance, which creates rigid hierarchies, composition allows classes to collaborate through contained objects. This approach makes systems more flexible, modular, and easier to maintain, since components can be replaced or extended without breaking the entire structure.

A few pitfalls to watch for when using composition are creating god objects that collect too many components and become difficult to manage, leaking component APIs through the outer class instead of keeping a clean interface, and introducing hidden coupling when components depend too much on each other's internal details.