Summary  
This chapter covers using lambda functions as inline predicates to filter rows based on conditional logic.

General domain of usage  
Data analysis

import unittest
import pandas as pd
import io
import sys


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_msg, failure_msg):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_msg
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_msg)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_msg
        test_case.fail(failure_msg)


class TestPandasImport(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_import_pandas_as_pd(self):
        """
        1. Import the pandas library with the pd alias.
        """
        import user_code
        condition = "pd" in user_code.__dict__ and user_code.pd is pd
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The pandas library is imported correctly with the alias 'pd'.",
            "Pandas is not imported correctly. Use 'import pandas as pd'."
        )


class TestCSVRead(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_csv_read(self):
        """
        2. Read the CSV file.
        """
        import user_code
        condition = hasattr(user_code, "data") and isinstance(user_code.data, pd.DataFrame)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The CSV file is read correctly into the 'data' DataFrame.",
            "The CSV file is not read correctly or not assigned to 'data'."
        )


class TestEvenExtraction(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_even_rows_extraction(self):
        """
        3. Extract only rows with even indices using iloc and lambda.
        """
        import user_code
        df = user_code.data
        ref_even = df.iloc[lambda x: x.index % 2 == 0]
        condition = (
            hasattr(user_code, "even")
            and isinstance(user_code.even, pd.DataFrame)
            and user_code.even.equals(ref_even)
        )
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Rows with even indices are extracted correctly using iloc and lambda.",
            "The extraction of even-indexed rows is incorrect. Check your iloc and lambda condition."
        )


class TestOddExtraction(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_odd_rows_extraction(self):
        """
        4. Extract only rows with odd indices using iloc and lambda.
        """
        import user_code
        df = user_code.data
        ref_odd = df.iloc[lambda x: x.index % 2 != 0]
        condition = (
            hasattr(user_code, "odd")
            and isinstance(user_code.odd, pd.DataFrame)
            and user_code.odd.equals(ref_odd)
        )
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Rows with odd indices are extracted correctly using iloc and lambda.",
            "The extraction of odd-indexed rows is incorrect. Check your iloc and lambda condition."
        )


class TestOutput(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_output_print(self):
        """
        5. Output the first five even and last five odd rows.
        """
        import user_code

        captured_output = io.StringIO()
        sys.stdout = captured_output
        print(user_code.even.head(), user_code.odd.tail())
        sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__

        output_text = captured_output.getvalue().strip()
        condition = len(output_text) > 0
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The output displays the first five even and last five odd rows correctly.",
            "Output is missing. Make sure you print(even.head(), odd.tail())."
        )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_code.py

To check if an index is even or odd, use the `%` (modulo) operator – it returns the remainder of a division. If `x.index % 2 == 0`, the remainder is `0`, meaning the index is even. If `x.index % 2 != 0`, the remainder is `1`, meaning the index is odd.

Note

To display only the first or last rows of a DataFrame, use the `.head(n)` and `.tail(n)` methods, where `n` is the number of rows to display. By default, both methods return `5` rows if `n` is not specified.

This course contains a lot of useful functions for a future data analyst. You will learn different ways of extracting data and even set conditions on it. After it, you will be familiar with the methods of grouping data. Also, you will learn how to preprocess data. Each section has its data set so that the course will be gripping.

This section will teach you how to output specific columns by their titles or indices. Also, you will get acquainted with the ways you can select rows  by indices.

Here, you will learn how to extract data that has specific conditions. Also, you will learn how to combine them and even create your own.

In this section, you will expand your knowledge on setting different data conditions. You will learn to check if your data is in a defined list of values or between two values. You will also learn how to find the largest and smallest values.

This section is one of the most fascinating of the course. Here, you will learn how to group data in different ways. It will help you work as a data analyst to find out information on specific data groups.

This section is one of the most significant for a data analyst because if the data contains missing data values in the incorrect format, it will be impossible to work with. Thus, you will learn how to deal with such inappropriate values here. 

Filtering Rows with lambda Functions

Solution